© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Pack U-Cell (PUC) multi-level inverter is an attractive topology which widely investigated in the past few years for renewable energy conversion systems. This study introduces a modified five-level packed Unit-cell converter (MPUC5) for single-phase double stage grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) system with unity power factor. The proposed system operates as a single-phase active power filter able to compensate reactive power generated by non-linear loads connected to the point of common coupling, feeds the non-linear load by the generated PV power, and injects the extra power into the grid. The MPUC5 inverter has a special topology with two DC-link capacitors and six switches. One DC-link of the inverter is connected to the PV arrays through DC/DC Cùk converter to draw the maximum power. Therefore, finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) for such configuration appears as a promising alternative for this inverter to work properly. Where the proposed FCS-MPC algorithm is designed to ensure a high grid current quality, taking into consideration the issue of the capacitor voltages balancing and the switching frequency minimisation. Both simulation results and experimental validation through real-time hardware in the loop system prove the validity and feasibility of the proposed control scheme, regarding PV power management and quality enhancement.
References
-
-
1)
-
22. Nademi, H., Das, A., Burgos, R., et al: ‘A new circuit performance of modular multilevel inverter suitable for photovoltaic conversion plants’, IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., 2016, 4, pp. 393–404.
-
2)
-
14. Trabelsi, M., Ghazi, K.A.., Al-Emadi, N., et al: ‘An original controller design for a grid connected PV system’. IECON 2012–38th Annu. Conf. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc., IEEE, 2012, pp. 924–929.
-
3)
-
3. Chen, Z., Blaabjerg, F., Pedersen, J.K.: ‘A multi-functional power electronic converter in distributed generation power systems’. IEEE 36th Power Electron. Spec. Conf. 2005. PESC'05 IEEE, 2005, pp. 1738–1744.
-
4)
-
15. Chavarria, J., Biel, D., Guinjoan, F., et al: ‘Energy-balance control of PV cascaded multilevel grid-connected inverters under level-shifted and phase-shifted PWMs’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, pp. 98–111.
-
5)
-
2. Wang, X., Zhuo, F., Li, J., et al: ‘Modeling and control of dual-stage high-power multifunctional PV system in d-Q-coordinate’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, pp. 1556–1570.
-
6)
-
27. Vazquez, S., Leon, J.I., Franquelo, L.G., et al: ‘Model predictive control: a review of its applications in power electronics’, IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., 2014, 8, pp. 16–31.
-
7)
-
31. Kakosimos, P.E., Kladas, A.G., Manias, S.N.: ‘Fast photovoltaic-system voltage- or current-oriented MPPT employing a predictive digital current-controlled converter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, pp. 5673–5685.
-
8)
-
8. Hanif, M., Khadkikar, V., Xiao, W., et al: ‘Two degrees of freedom active damping technique for LCL filter-based grid connected PV systems’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2014, 61, pp. 2795–2803.
-
9)
-
4. Micallef, A., Apap, M., Spiteri-Staines, C., et al: ‘Mitigation of harmonics in grid-connected and islanded microgrids via virtual admittances and impedances’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2017, 8, pp. 651–661.
-
10)
-
5. Ouchen, S., Betka, A., Abdeddaim, S., et al: ‘Fuzzy-predictive direct power control implementation of a grid connected photovoltaic system, associated with an active power filter’, Energy Convers. Manag., 2016, 122, pp. 515–525.
-
11)
-
10. Patel, H., Agarwal, V.: ‘Investigations into the performance of photovoltaics-based active filter configurations and their control schemes under uniform and non-uniform radiation conditions’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2010, 4, pp. 12–22.
-
12)
-
9. Barater, D., Buticchi, G., Lorenzani, E., et al: ‘Active common-mode filter for ground leakage current reduction in grid-connected PV converters operating with arbitrary power factor’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2014, 61, pp. 3940–3950.
-
13)
-
21. Metri, J.I., Vahedi, H., Kanaan, H.Y., et al: ‘Real-time implementation of model-predictive control on seven-level packed U-cell inverter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2016, 63, pp. 4180–4186.
-
14)
-
36. Cortes, P., Kouro, S., La Rocca, B., et al: ‘Guidelines for weighting factors design in model predictive control of power converters and drives’. IEEE Int. Conf. on Ind. Tech. (ICIT), Gippsland, Australia, February 2009, pp. 1–7.
-
15)
-
16. Vahedi, H., Kanaan, H.Y., Al-Haddad, K.: ‘PUC converter review: topology, control and applications’. Ind. Electron. Soc. IECON 2015–41st Annu. Conf. IEEE, 2015, pp. 4334–4339.
-
16)
-
24. Kouro, S., Cortés, P., Vargas, R., et al: ‘Model predictive control – a simple and powerful method to control power converters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, 56, pp. 1826–1838.
-
17)
-
28. Vazquez, S., Rodriguez, J., Rivera, M., et al: ‘Model predictive control for power converters and drives: advances and trends’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2017, 64, pp. 935–947.
-
18)
-
19. Vahedi, H., Shojaei, A.A.., Dessaint, L-A., et al: ‘Reduced DC-link voltage active power filter using modified PUC5 converter’, IEEE Trans. Power. Electron., 2018, 33, pp. 943–947.
-
19)
-
29. Pakdel, M., Jalilzadeh, S.: ‘A new family of multilevel grid connected inverters based on packed U cell topology’, Sci. Rep., 2017, 7, (1), p. 12396.
-
20)
-
33. Safari, A., Mekhilef, S. ‘Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance MPPT with direct control method using Cuk converter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, 58, pp. 1154–1161.
-
21)
-
6. Liu, L., Li, H., Xue, Y., et al: ‘Decoupled active and reactive power control for large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic systems using cascaded modular multilevel converters’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, 30, pp. 176–187.
-
22)
-
30. Mohamed, A.A., Berzoy, A., Mohammed, O.A.: ‘Design and hardware implementation of FL-MPPT control of PV systems based on GA and small-signal analysis’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2017, 8, (1), pp. 279–290.
-
23)
-
18. Trabelsi, M., Bayhan, S., Ghazi, K.A., et al: ‘Finite-control-set model predictive control for grid-connected packed-U-cells multilevel inverter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2016, 63, pp. 7286–7295.
-
24)
-
34. Tekeshwar Prasad, S., Dixit, T.V.: ‘Modelling and analysis of perturb & observe and incremental conductance MPPT algorithm for PV array using Ċuk converter’. Electr. Electron. Comput. Sci. (SCEECS), 2014 IEEE Students’ Conf, 2014, pp. 1–6.
-
25)
-
7. Tripathi, R.N., Singh, A., Hanamoto, T.: ‘Design and control of LCL filter interfaced grid connected solar photovoltaic (SPV) system using power balance theory’, Int J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 2015, 69, pp. 264–272.
-
26)
-
20. Vahedi, H., Labbé, P.-A., Al-Haddad, K.: ‘Sensor-less five-level packed U-cell (PUC5) inverter operating in stand-alone and grid-connected modes’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., 2016, 12, pp. 361–370.
-
27)
-
13. Abu-Rub, H., Malinowski, M., Al-Haddad, K.: ‘Power electronics for renewable energy systems, transportation and industrial applications’ (John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2014).
-
28)
-
32. Kihal, A., Krim, F., Talbi, B., et al: ‘A robust control of two-stage grid-tied PV systems employing integral sliding mode theory’, Energies, 2018, 11, (10), p. 2791.
-
29)
-
1. Eltawil, M.A., Zhao, Z.: ‘Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: technical and potential problems – a review’, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2010, 14, pp. 112–129.
-
30)
-
17. Vahedi, H., Sharifzadeh, M., Al-Haddad, K.: ‘Modified seven-level pack U-Cell inverter for photovoltaic applications’, IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., 2018, 6, pp. 1508–1516.
-
31)
-
23. Rodriguez, J., Cortes, P.: ‘Predictive control of power converters and electrical drives’ (John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2012), vol. 40.
-
32)
-
11. Ortúzar, M.E., Carmi, R.E., Dixon, J.W., et al: ‘Voltage-source active power filter based on multilevel converter and ultra-capacitor DC link’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2006, 53, pp. 477–485.
-
33)
-
35. Sahli, A., Krim, F., Belaout, A.: ‘Energy management and power quality improvement in grid-connected photovoltaic systems’. 2017 Int. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conf. (IRSEC), 2017 IEEE, 2017, pp. 1–7.
-
34)
-
25. Rodriguez, J., Kennel, R.M., Espinoza, J.R., et al: ‘High-performance control strategies for electrical drives: an experimental assessment’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2012, 59, pp. 812–820.
-
35)
-
12. Abu-Rub, H., Holtz, J., Rodriguez, J., et al: ‘Medium-voltage multilevel converters–state of the art, challenges, and requirements in industrial applications’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2010, 57, pp. 2581–2596.
-
36)
-
26. Rodriguez, J., Kazmierkowski, M.P., Espinoza, J.R., et al: ‘State of the art of finite control set model predictive control in power electronics’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., 2013, 9, pp. 1003–1016.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0028
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0028
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6