access icon free Load frequency control of a multi-area system incorporating distributed generation resources, gate controlled series capacitor along with high-voltage direct current link using hybrid ALO-pattern search optimised fractional order controller

The power output from the wind turbine in distributed generation (DG) resources is intermittent in nature, which adversely affects the system frequency in an interconnected system. Hence, it is important to study the system dynamic performance when DG resources are connected to the existing power system. This study presents the load frequency control of the three-area thermal–thermal–hydro system with DG resources in area 1. Proportional integral fractional derivative (PID μ ) controller is proposed as a secondary controller. System dynamics are compared among integral, proportional integral (PI), PI derivative (PID), fractional order PID (PI λ D µ ) and PID μ controllers whose parameters are optimised simultaneously using nature inspired ant lion optimiser (ALO) technique. The analysis shows the competitive performance of PI λ D µ and PID μ controllers. Furthermore, the PID μ controller parameters are optimised using hybrid ALO-pattern search technique, which outperforms the ALO optimised PID μ controller. A flexible AC transmission system device called gate controlled series capacitor performs better than an interline power flow controller. The studies show that the gate controlled series capacitor placed in all lines is its optimal location. The system dynamics are improved considerably with the incorporation of high voltage direct current link, the transient droop of the hydro governor. The PID µ controller effectively handles the parametric variations, random load and wind power profiles.

Inspec keywords: three-term control; load regulation; distributed power generation; hydroelectric power stations; wind turbines; thermal power stations; optimisation; power capacitors; power system interconnection; search problems; power generation control; flexible AC transmission systems; frequency control

Other keywords: secondary controller; fractional order PID controller; high-voltage direct current link; system dynamic performance; power output; multiarea system; wind turbine; proportional integral fractional derivative controller; DG resources; gate controlled series capacitor; system frequency; parametric variations; power system; PIDμ controller; PIλDμ controller; distributed generation resources; wind power profiles; random load; transient droop; load frequency control; PI derivative controller; three-area thermal-thermal-hydro system; flexible AC transmission system device; hydro governor; hybrid ALO-pattern search optimised fractional order controller; ant lion optimiser technique; interconnected system

Subjects: Control of electric power systems; Distributed power generation; Frequency control; Hydroelectric power stations and plants; Wind power plants; Optimisation techniques; a.c. transmission; Power system management, operation and economics; Other power apparatus and electric machines; Thermal power stations and plants; Optimisation techniques; Power system control

http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-rpg.2018.5010
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