This study presents a novel sensorless model predictive control (MPC) strategy of a wind-driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) connected to a dc microgrid. In this configuration, the stator is directly connected to the dc microgrid through a diode rectifier, and the rotor is fed by only a voltage source converter (VSC). This connection structure brings considerable benefits such as simple control scheme and reduced power converter cost. In order to obtain sensorless operation, a simple and effective sensorless position detection technique has been proposed. It is based on the detection of the stator frequency, and it is designed to operate without any machine parameters. Thus, the proposed sensorless method offers as a model-free solution. In addition, the MPC strategy has been used as a current controller to overcome the weaknesses of the inner control loop and to consider the discrete-time operation of the VSC. The proposed control system is robust against machine parameters, speed, and load variations. To verify the dynamic and steady-state performances of the proposed sensorless MPC scheme under various speed and load conditions, experimental studies are performed with 6.4 kW DFIG. Experimental results aim to show that the proposed sensorless MPC strategy works properly at steady state and in transient.

References

1. 1)
  - 25. Abu-Rub, H., Iqbal, A., Guzinski, J.: ‘High performance control of AC drives with Matlab/Simulink models’ (John Wiley and Sons Ltd., 2012).
2. 2)
  - 36. Shen, B., Mwinyiwiwa, B., Zhang, Y., et al: ‘Sensorless maximum power point tracking of wind by DFIG using rotor position phase lock loop (pll)’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2009, 24, (4), pp. 942–951 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2009938).
3. 3)
  - 19. Bouafia, A., Gaubert, J.-P., Krim, F.: ‘Design and implementation of predictive current control of three-phase {PWM} rectifier using spacevector modulation (svm)’, Energy Convers. Manage., 2010, 51, (12), pp. 2473–2481 (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.05.010).
4. 4)
  - 28. Elizondo, J., Olloqui, A., Rivera, M., et al: ‘Model-based predictive rotor current control for grid synchronization of a DFIG driven by an indirect matrix converter’, IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., 2014, 2, (4), pp. 715–726 (doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2349952).
5. 5)
  - 5. Marques, G., Lacchetti, M.: ‘Stator frequency regulation in a field oriented controlled DFIG connected to a dc link’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2014, 61, (11), pp. 5930–5939 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2311403).
6. 6)
  - 9. Mwasilu, F., Justo, J.J., Ro, J.S., et al: ‘Improvement of dynamic performance of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine power system under an unbalanced grid voltage condition’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2012, 6, (6), pp. 424–434 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0110).
7. 7)
  - 2. Mwinyiwiwa, B., Zhang, Y., Shen, B., et al: ‘Rotor position phase-locked loop for decoupled P-Q control of DFIG for wind power generation’, IEEE Trans. Energy. Convers., 2009, 24, (3), pp. 758–765 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2009.2025328).
8. 8)
  - 21. Bayhan, S., Haitham, A.: ‘Model predictive control of quasi-Z source three-phase four-leg inverter’. Forty-first Annual Conf. of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Yokohama, Japan, 9–12 November 2015. pp. 362–367.
9. 9)
  - 31. Bayhan, S., Abu-Rub, H.: ‘Model predictive sensorless control of standalone doubly fed induction generator’. Fortieth Annual Conf. of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Texas, US, October 2014, pp. 2166–2172.
10. 10)
  - 20. Cortes, P., Wilson, A., Kouro, S., et al: ‘Model predictive control of multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2010, 57, (8), pp. 2691–2699 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2041733).
11. 11)
  - 6. Tremblay, E., Atayde, S., Chandra, A.: ‘Comparative study of control strategies for the doubly fed induction generator in wind energy conversion systems: a DSP-based implementation approach’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2011, 2, (3), pp. 288–299 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2011.2113381).
12. 12)
  - 27. Hu, J., Zhu, J., Dorrell, D.: ‘Predictive direct power control of doubly fed induction generators under unbalanced grid voltage conditions for power quality improvement’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2015, 6, (3), pp. 943–950 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2014.2341244).
13. 13)
  - 32. Felice, M., Marques, G.D., Perini, R., et al: ‘Stator inductance self-tuning in an air-gap-power-vector-based observer for the sensorless control of doubly fed induction machines’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2014, 61, (1), pp. 139–148 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2247014).
14. 14)
  - 17. Mariethoz, S., Morari, M.: ‘Explicit model-predictive control of a PWM inverter with an LCL filter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, 56, (2), pp. 389–399 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2008793).
15. 15)
  - 3. Bayhan, S., Abu-Rub, H.: ‘Performance comparison of two sensorless control methods for standalone doubly-fed induction generator’. Sixteenth Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf. and Exposition (PEMC), Antalya, Turkey, September 2014, pp. 996–1000.
16. 16)
  - 23. Luna, A., De Araujo Lima, F.K., Santos, D., et al: ‘Simplified modeling of a DFIG for transient studies in wind power applications’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, 58, (1), pp. 9–20 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2044131).
17. 17)
  - 11. Cortes, P., Kazmierkowski, M., Kennel, R., et al: ‘Predictive control in power electronics and drives’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2008, 55, (12), pp. 4312–4324 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2007480).
18. 18)
  - 4. Rodriguez, J., Kazmierkowski, M.P., Espinoza, J.R., et al: ‘State of the art of finite control set model predictive control in power electronics’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., 2013, 9, pp. 1003–1016 (doi: 10.1109/TII.2012.2221469).
19. 19)
  - 11. Heng, N., Peng, C., Ziqiang, Z.: ‘Direct power control of doubly fed induction generator without phase-locked loop in synchronous reference frame during frequency variations’. IET Renew. Power Gener., 2015, 9, (6), pp. 576–586.
20. 20)
  - 2. Naidu, N.K.S., Singh, B.: ‘Sensorless control of single voltage source converter-based doubly fed induction generator for variable speed wind energy conversion system’, IET Power Electron., 2014, 7, (12), pp. 2996–3006 (doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0034).
21. 21)
  - 15. Hredzak, B., Agelidis, V.G., Jang, M.: ‘A model predictive control system for a hybrid battery-ultracapacitor power source’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, 29, (3), pp. 1469–1479 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2262003).
22. 22)
  - 12. Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., et al: ‘Performance improvement of direct power control of PWM rectifier with simple calculation’, IEEE Trans. Power Elect., 2013, 28, (7), pp. 3428–3437 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2222050).
23. 23)
  - 7. Demirbas, S., Bayhan, S.: ‘Grid synchronization of doubly fed induction generator in wind power systems’. Int. Conf. on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives (POWERENG), Malaga, Spain, May 2011, pp. 1–5.
24. 24)
  - 26. Soliman, M., Malik, O., Westwick, D.: ‘Multiple model predictive control for wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators’, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 2011, 2, (3), pp. 215–225 (doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2011.2153217).
25. 25)
  - 3. Chen, Z., Guerrero, J.M., Blaabjerg, F.: ‘A review of the state of the art of power electronics for wind turbines’, IEEE Trans. Power Electr., 1998, 24, (8), pp. 1859–1874 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2017082).
26. 26)
  - 23. Guzinski, J., Abu-Rub, H.: ‘Speed sensorless induction motor drive with predictive current controller’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, (2), pp. 699–709 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2205359).
27. 27)
  - 22. Bolognani, S., Bolognani, S., Peretti, L., et al: ‘Design and implementation of model predictive control for electrical motor drives’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, 56, (6), pp. 1925–1936 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2007547).
28. 28)
  - 29. Hu, J., Zhu, J., Dorrell, D.: ‘Model-predictive direct power control of doubly-fed induction generators under unbalanced grid voltage conditions in wind energy applications’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2014, 8, (6), pp. 687–695 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2013.0312).
29. 29)
  - 18. Yaramasu, V., Rivera, M., Narimani, , et al: ‘Model predictive approach for a simple and effective load voltage control of four-leg inverter with an output LC filter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2014, 61, (10), pp. 5259–5270 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2297291).
30. 30)
  - 13. Mohammad, P., Hasan, R., Mohammad, M.: ‘Two fuzzy-based direct power control strategies for doubly-fed induction generators in wind energy conversion systems’, Energy, 2013, 51, (0), pp. 154–162.
31. 31)
  - 33. Sertac, B., Haitham, A.: ‘An autonomous frequency and voltage controller for standalone doubly fed induction generator’. 2015 IEEE Conf. on Energy Conversion, Johar Bahru, Malaysia, 19–21 October 2015. pp. 123–128.
32. 32)
  - 22. Nian, H., Song, Y.P.: ‘Direct power control of doubly fed induction generator under distorted grid voltage’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, 29, (2), pp. 894–905 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2258943).
33. 33)
  - 10. Demirbas, S., Sertac, B.: ‘Active and reactive power control of doubly fed induction generator using direct power control technique’. Fourth Int. Conf. on Power Engineering Energy and Electrical Drives, Istanbul, Turkey, May 2013, pp. 41–45.
34. 34)
  - 35. Akel, F., Ghennam, T., Berkouk, E.M., et al: ‘An improved sensorless decoupled power control scheme of grid connected variable speed wind turbine generator’, Energy Convers. Manage., 2014, 78, (0), pp. 584–594 (doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.11.015).
35. 35)
  - 1. Colak, I., Guanlica, F., Sertac, B., et al: ‘Critical aspects of wind energy conversion systems in smart grid applications’, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 2015, 52, (2015), pp. 155–171 (doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.062).
36. 36)
  - 24. Morel, F., Lin-Shi, X., Retif, J.-M., et al: ‘A comparative study of predictive current control schemes for a permanent-magnet synchronous machine drive’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, 56, (7), pp. 2715–2728 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2009.2018429).
37. 37)
  - 18. Cortes, P., Ortiz, G., Yuz, J.I., Rodriguez, J., Vazquez, S., Franquelo, L.G.: ‘Model predictive control of an inverter with output LC filter for UPS application’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, 56, (6), pp. 1857–1883 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2009.2015750).
38. 38)
  - 34. Marques, G.D., Sousa, D.M., Lacchetti, M.F.: ‘Air-gap power-based sensorless control in a DFIG connected to a DC link’, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2015, 30, (1), pp. 367–375 (doi: 10.1109/TEC.2014.2358698).

Sensorless model predictive control scheme of wind-driven doubly fed induction generator in dc microgrid

References

Related content