access icon free Modulation-controlled clamped-three-level inverters supplied by series unbalance battery-banks under asymmetric SOCs

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 13/04/2019, Accepted 19/09/2019, Revised 04/09/2019, Published 02/10/2019

Energy storage systems can be utilised to counteract unreliability of renewable energy sources. This study proposes a novel modulation for clamped-three-level inverters when the dc link of inverter contains two series-connected battery banks. By proposed modulator matched with the considered topology, inverter is free from over-modulation even under unbalance neutral-point voltage. In addition, by appropriate zero-sequence common mode voltage injection, neutral-point current is controlled and batteries’ state of charge (SOC) are dealt with so that power generation in discharge mode or power absorption in charge mode is properly shared between batteries. Due to the high capability of the proposed method, output voltage and current of inverter are almost free of low-order harmonic distortion even under severe unbalance condition and/or great asymmetric SOCs. After analysing and rejecting previous modulation-based control strategies for the considered topology, simulation study (charge and discharge modes) and experimental validations (discharge mode) are provided to verify the proposed method in grid-connected and islanded systems under different power factors.

Inspec keywords: power convertors; harmonic distortion; secondary cells; distributed power generation; invertors; power grids; voltage control; PWM invertors; renewable energy sources

Other keywords: rejecting previous modulation-based control strategies; great asymmetric SOCs; power generation; battery-banks; batteries; series-connected battery banks; renewable energy sources; neutral-point current; low-order harmonic distortion; severe unbalance condition; experimental validations; charge mode; considered topology; unbalance neutral-point voltage; inverter; modulation-controlled clamped-three-level inverters; zero-sequence common mode voltage injection; energy storage systems; proposed modulator; dc link; discharge modes; discharge mode

Subjects: Secondary cells; Distributed power generation; Voltage control; Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus; Secondary cells; Control of electric power systems

References

    1. 1)
      • 12. Ben-Brahim, L.: ‘A discontinuous PWM method for balancing the neutral point voltage in three-level inverter-fed variable frequency drives’, IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., 2008, 23, (4), pp. 1057–1063.
    2. 2)
      • 22. Teymour, H.R., Sutanto, D., Muttaqi, K.M., et al: ‘Solar PV and battery storage integration using a new configuration of a three-level NPC inverter with advanced control strategy’, IEEE Trans. Energy Conv., 2014, 29, (2), pp. 354–365.
    3. 3)
      • 16. Pou, J., Pindado, R., Boroyevich, D., et al: ‘Limits of the neutral-point balance in back-to-back-connected three-level converters’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2004, 19, (3), pp. 722–731.
    4. 4)
      • 24. Wang, Z., Wang, X., Cheng, M., et al: ‘Comprehensive investigation on remedial operation of switch faults for dual three-phase PMSM drives fed by T-3L inverters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2018, 65, (6), pp. 4574–4587.
    5. 5)
      • 20. Park, Y., Sul, S.K., Lim, C.H., et al: ‘Asymmetric control of DC-link voltages for separate MPPTs in three-level inverters’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (6), pp. 2760–2769.
    6. 6)
      • 23. Zhang, Z., Thomsen, O.C., Andersen, M.A.: ‘Discontinuous PWM modulation strategy with circuit-level decoupling concept of three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, (5), pp. 1897–1906.
    7. 7)
      • 33. Hava, A.M., Kerkman, R.J., Lipo, T.A.: ‘Simple analytical and graphical methods for carrier-based PWM-VSI drives’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 1999, 14, (1), pp. 49–61.
    8. 8)
      • 4. Kiehne, H.A.: ‘Battery technology handbook’ (CRC Press, USA, 2003).
    9. 9)
      • 18. Song, Q., Liu, W., Yu, Q., et al: ‘A neutral-point potential balancing algorithm for three-level NPC inverters using analytically injected zero-sequence voltage’. Proc. IEEE APEC'03, Miami Beach, FL, USA, February 1993, vol. 1, pp. 228–233.
    10. 10)
      • 34. Marchesoni, M., Segarich, P., Soressi, E.: ‘A new control strategy for neutral-point-clamped active rectifiers’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2005, 52, (2), pp. 462–470.
    11. 11)
      • 17. Akagi, H., Hatada, T.: ‘Voltage balancing control for a three-level diode-clamped converter in a medium-voltage transformerless hybrid active filter’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2009, 24, (3), pp. 571–579.
    12. 12)
      • 27. Hashempour, M.M., Yang, M., Lee, T.: ‘An adaptive control of DPWM for clamped-three-level photovoltaic inverters with unbalanced neutral-point voltage’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2018, 54, (6), pp. 6133–6148.
    13. 13)
      • 26. Lee, J.-S., Lee, S.-J., Lee, K.-B.: ‘Novel switching method for single-phase NPC three-level inverter with neutral-point voltage control’, Int. J. Electron., 2018, 105, (2), pp. 303–323.
    14. 14)
      • 1. Smith, S.C., Sen, P.K., Kroposki, B., et al: ‘Renewable energy and energy storage systems in rural electrical power systems: issues, challenges and application guidelines’. 2010 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conf. (REPC), Orlando, FL, USA, 2010, pp. B4–B4-7.
    15. 15)
      • 21. Jayasinghe, S.D.G., Vilathgamuwa, D.M., Madawala, U.K.: ‘Diode-clamped three-level inverter-based battery/supercapacitor direct integration scheme for renewable energy systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2011, 26, (12), pp. 3720–3729.
    16. 16)
      • 25. Choi, U.-M., Blaabjerg, F., Lee, K.-B.: ‘Control strategy of two capacitor voltages for separate MPPTs in photovoltaic systems using neutral-point-clamped inverters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2015, 51, (4), pp. 3295–3303.
    17. 17)
      • 15. Ogasawara, S., Akagi, H.: ‘Analysis of variation of neutral point potential in neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverters’. Proc. IEEE Ind. Appl. Soc. Conf. Rec., Toronto, ON, Canada, 1993, pp. 965–970.
    18. 18)
      • 31. Lee, T.L., Li, J.C., Cheng, P.T.: ‘Discrete frequency tuning active filter for power system harmonics’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2009, 24, (5), pp. 1209–1217.
    19. 19)
      • 5. Williams, D.M.T.J., Gole, A.M., Wachal, R.W.: ‘Repurposed battery for energy storage in applications of renewable energy for grid applications’. 2011 24th Canadian Conf. on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), Niagara Falls, ON, Canada, 2011, pp. 001446–001450.
    20. 20)
      • 8. Soeiro, T.B., Kolar, J.W.: ‘The new high-efficiency hybrid neutral point-clamped converter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, (5), pp. 1919–1935.
    21. 21)
      • 2. Marano, V., Rizzoni, G.: ‘Energy and economic evaluation of PHEVs and their interaction with renewable energy sources and the power grid’. 2008 IEEE Int. Conf. on Vehicular Electronics and Safety, Columbus, OH, USA, 2008, pp. 84–89.
    22. 22)
      • 13. Choi, N.S., Lee, E.C., Ahn, K.S.: ‘A carrier-based medium vector PWM strategy for three-level inverters in transformerless photovoltaic systems’. 2015 9th Int. Conf. on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE-ECCE Asia), Seoul, Republic of Korea, 2015, pp. 2752–2757.
    23. 23)
      • 9. Shen, J., Schroeder, S., Roesner, R., et al: ‘A comprehensive study of neutral-point self-balancing effect in neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2011, 26, (11), pp. 3084–3095.
    24. 24)
      • 11. Basaran, K., Cetin, N.S., Borekci, S.: ‘Energy management for on-grid and off-grid wind/PV and battery hybrid systems’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2017, 11, (5), pp. 642–649.
    25. 25)
      • 32. Hava, A.M., Kerkman, R.J., Lipo, T.A.: ‘Carrier-based PWM-VSI overmodulation strategies: analysis, comparison, and design’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 1998, 13, (4), pp. 674–689.
    26. 26)
      • 29. Anthon, A., Zhang, Z., Andersen, M.A.E., et al: ‘The benefits of SiC mosfets in a T-type inverter for grid-tie applications’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2017, 32, (4), pp. 2808–2821.
    27. 27)
      • 10. Elsayed, A.T., Lashway, C.R., Mohammed, O.A.: ‘Advanced battery management and diagnostic system for smart grid infrastructure’, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 2016, 7, (2), pp. 897–905.
    28. 28)
      • 30. Kazmierkowski, M.P.: ‘Theory (instantaneous power theory and applications to power conditioning; Akagi, H. et al.; 2007) [book review]’, IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., 2007, 1, (3), pp. 46–46.
    29. 29)
      • 14. Celanovich, N., Boroyevich, D.: ‘A comprehensive study of neutral point voltage balancing problem in three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage source PWM inverters’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2000, 15, (2), pp. 242–249.
    30. 30)
      • 28. Liu, F.T., Hashempour, M.M., Lee, T.L.: ‘Modulation of three-level T-type inverter supplied by series battery banks at different SOC condition’. 2017 IEEE 3rd Int. Future Energy Electronics Conf. and ECCE Asia (IFEEC 2017 – ECCE Asia), Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2017, pp. 1954–1959.
    31. 31)
      • 19. Shen, J., Schroder, S., Duro, B., et al: ‘A neutral-point balancing controller for a three-level inverter with full power-factor range and low distortion’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 2013, 49, (1), pp. 138–148.
    32. 32)
      • 7. Schweizer, M., Kolar, J.W.: ‘Design and implementation of a highly efficient 3-level T-type converter for low-voltage applications’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (2), pp. 889–907.
    33. 33)
      • 3. Linden, D., Reddy, T.B.: ‘Handbook of batteries. 3rd.’ (McGraw-Hill, USA, 2002).
    34. 34)
      • 6. Wu, B., Narimani, M.: ‘High-power converters and AC drives’, vol. 59 (John Wiley & Sons, USA, 2017).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0460
Loading

Related content

content/journals/10.1049/iet-pel.2019.0460
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6
Loading