© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
In this study, the error performance and the capacity analysis is performed for the decode-and-forward based dual-hop asymmetric radio frequency-free space optical communication (RF-FSO) system. The RF link is characterised by Nakagami-m fading and the FSO link is characterised by path loss, Gamma–Gamma distributed turbulence and pointing error. For this mixed RF-FSO cooperative system, novel closed-form mathematical expressions are derived for cumulative distribution function, probability density function and moment generating function of the equivalent signal-to-noise ratio in terms of Meijer-G function. Using these channel statistics, new finite power series based analytical expressions are obtained for the outage probability, the average bit error rate for various binary and M-ary modulation techniques and the average channel capacity of the considered system in terms of Meijer-G function. As a special case, the analytical framework can also be obtained for channel statistics and performance metrics of dual-hop mixed Rayleigh–Gamma–Gamma system. Simulation results validate the proposed mathematical analysis. The effects of fading, turbulence and pointing error are studied on the outage probability, average bit error rate and channel capacity of the asymmetric RF-FSO system.
References
-
-
1)
-
23. Ansari, I.S., Ahmadi, S.A., Yilmaz, F., et al: ‘A new formula for the BER of binary modulations with dual-branch selection over generalized-K composite fading channels’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2011, 59, (10), pp. 2654–2658 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2011.063011.100303A).
-
2)
-
19. Prudnikov, A.P., Brychkov, Y.A., Marichev, O.I.: ‘Integrals and Series’ (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, USA, 1990).
-
3)
-
26. Ijaz, M., Ghassemlooy, Z., Pesek, J., et al: ‘Modeling of fog and smoke attenuation in free space optical communications link under controlled laboratory conditions’, IEEE/OSA J. Lightw. Technol., 2013, 31, (11), pp. 1720–1726 (doi: 10.1109/JLT.2013.2257683).
-
4)
-
16. Miridakis, N.I., Matthaiou, M., Karagiannidis, G.K.: ‘Multiuser relaying over mixed RF/FSO links’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2014, 62, (5), pp. 1634–1645 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2014.022314.130762).
-
5)
-
14. Samimi, H., Uysal, M.: ‘End-to-End performance of mixed RF/FSO transmission systems’, J. Opt. Commun. Netw., 2013, 5, (11), pp. 1139–1144 (doi: 10.1364/JOCN.5.001139).
-
6)
-
22. Luke, Y.L.: ‘The special functions and their approximation’ (Academic Press, New York, 1969, 1st edn.).
-
7)
-
7. Lee, E., Park, J., Han, D., et al: ‘Performance analysis of the asymmetric dual-hop relay transmission with mixed RF/FSO links’, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2011, 23, (1), pp. 1642–1644 (doi: 10.1109/LPT.2011.2166063).
-
8)
-
25. Yilmaz, F., Alouini, M.-S.: ‘A unified MGF-based capacity analysis of diversity combiners over generalized fading channels’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2012, 60, (3), pp. 862–875 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2012.020912.100766).
-
9)
-
8. Bhatnagar, M.R.: ‘Performance analysis of decode-and-forward relaying in Gamma-Gamma fading channels’, IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 2012, 24, (7), pp. 545–547 (doi: 10.1109/LPT.2011.2176330).
-
10)
-
11. Anees, S., Bhatnagar, M.R.: ‘Performance of an amplify-and-forward dual-hop asymmetric RF-FSO communication system’, J. Opt. Commun. Netw., 2015, 7, (2), pp. 124–135 (doi: 10.1364/JOCN.7.000124).
-
11)
-
1. Kedar, D., Aron, S.: ‘Urban optical wireless communication networks: The main challenges and possible solutions’, IEEE Commun. Mag., 2004, 42, (5), pp. S2–S7 (doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2004.1299334).
-
12)
-
20. Tang, X., Wang, Z., Xu, Z., et al: ‘Multihop free-space optical communications over turbulence channels with pointing errors using heterodyne detection’, J. Lightw. Technol., 2014, 32, (15), pp. 2597–2604 (doi: 10.1109/JLT.2014.2330594).
-
13)
-
2. Laneman, J.N., Tse, D.N.C., Wornell, G.W.: ‘Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: Efficient protocols and outage behavior’, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 2004, 50, (12), pp. 3062–3080 (doi: 10.1109/TIT.2004.838089).
-
14)
-
14. Popoola, W.O., Ghassemlooy, Z.: ‘BPSK subcarrier intensity modulated free-space optical communications in atmospheric turbulence’, J. Lightwave Technol., 2009, 27, (8), pp. 967–973 (doi: 10.1109/JLT.2008.2004950).
-
15)
-
5. Tsiftsis, T.A., Sandalidis, H.G., Karagiannidis, G.K., et al: ‘Optical wireless links with spatial diversity over strong atmospheric turbulence channels’, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2009, 8, (2), pp. 951–957 (doi: 10.1109/TWC.2009.071318).
-
16)
-
9. Bhatnagar, M.R.: ‘Average BER analysis of differential modulation in DF cooperative communication system over Gamma-Gamma fading FSO links’, IEEE Commun. Lett., 2012, 16, (8), pp. 1228–1231 (doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2012.052112.120670).
-
17)
-
18. Safari, M., Uysal, M.: ‘Relay-assisted free-space optical communication’, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., 2008, 7, pp. 5441–5449 (doi: 10.1109/T-WC.2008.071352).
-
18)
-
27. Proakis, J.G., Salehi, M.: ‘Digital communications’ (Mc Graw Hill Higher Educations, 2007, 5th edn.).
-
19)
-
2. Andrews, L., Phillips, R., Hopen, C.: ‘Laser beam scintillation with applications’ (SPIE Press, New York, USA, 2001).
-
20)
-
18. Niu, M., Cheng, J., Holzman, J.F.: ‘Error rate performance comparison of coherent and subcarrier intensity modulated optical wireless communications’, J. Opt. Commun. Netw., 2013, 5, (6), pp. 554–564 (doi: 10.1364/JOCN.5.000554).
-
21)
-
3. Bekkali, A., Naila, C.B., Kazaura, K., et al: ‘Transmission analysis of OFDM-based wireless services over turbulent Radio-on-FSO links modeled by Gamma–Gamma distribution’, IEEE Photonics J., 2010, 2, (3), pp. 510–520 (doi: 10.1109/JPHOT.2010.2050306).
-
22)
-
12. Nistazakis, H.E., Karagianni, E.A., Tsigopoulos, A.D., et al: ‘Average capacity of optical wireless communication systems over atmospheric turbulence channels’, J. Lightw. Technol., 2009, 27, (8), pp. 974–979 (doi: 10.1109/JLT.2008.2005039).
-
23)
-
4. Moradi, H., Falahpour, M., Refai, H., et al: ‘On the Capacity of hybrid FSO/RF links’. Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, Miami, FL, December 2010, pp. 1–5.
-
24)
-
24. Bhatnagar, M.R., Arti, M.K.: ‘On the closed-form performance analysis of maximal ratio combining in Shadowed-Rician fading LMS channels’, IEEE Commun. Lett., 2014, 18, (1), pp. 54–57 (doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2013.111313.131963).
-
25)
-
21. Papoulis, A., Pillai, S.U.: ‘Probability, Random variables and stochastic Processes’ (Tata Mcgraw-Hill, 2002, 4th edn.).
-
26)
-
10. Anees, S., Bhatnagar, M.R.: ‘On the capacity of decode-and-forward dual-hop free space optical communication systems’. Proc. IEEE Wireless Communication and Network Conf. (WCNC), 6–9 April 2014, pp. 18–23.
-
27)
-
15. Peppas, K.P., Stassinakis, A.N., Nistazakis, H.E., et al: ‘Capacity analysis of dual amplify-and-forward relayed free-space optical communication systems over turbulence channels with pointing errors’, IEEE J. Opt. Commun. Netw., 2013, 5, (9), pp. 1032–1042 (doi: 10.1364/JOCN.5.001032).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-opt.2014.0118
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-opt.2014.0118
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6