access icon free PANI/TiO2 nanocomposite-based chemiresistive gas sensor for the detection of E. Coli bacteria

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 05/03/2020, Accepted 13/05/2020, Revised 27/04/2020, Published 14/05/2020

In the modern pace of the world, food safety is a major concern. In this work, a simple chemiresistive type gas sensor was fabricated to detect Escherichia Coli (E. coli) bacteria. Polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited on the indium tin oxide substrate by an electrochemical deposition method. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesised by facile hydrothermal method. PANI films were modified using hydrothermally prepared TiO2 nanoparticles by a spin coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer techniques were used to characterise the PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites. The peaks obtained in the XRD pattern confirmed the anatase phase of TiO2 nanoparticles. FESEM analysis showed the nanofibrous structure of the nanocomposite. The FTIR characteristic peaks confirmed the formation of the nanocomposite. The electrical resistance of the sensors was evaluated as a function of the bacterial concentration. The PT2 (TiO2 coated 5 times on PANI) in comparison with PT1 (TiO2 coated 3 times on PANI) exhibited good sensitivity to the gas molecules at room temperature. The p-n junction at PANI/TiO2 interface improved the physical adsorption of gas molecules. Since no specific antibodies or receptors are used, the sensor has the potential for adaptation to real-life applications. Thus low cost, real-time, portable, reusable and sensitive bacteria sensors were fabricated and tested.

Inspec keywords: electrical resistivity; adsorption; wide band gap semiconductors; nanofibres; biological techniques; nanobiotechnology; nanofabrication; Fourier transform infrared spectra; conducting polymers; nanoparticles; X-ray diffraction; visible spectra; microorganisms; nanosensors; spin coating; ultraviolet spectra; polymer films; gas sensors; field emission scanning electron microscopy; titanium compounds; nanocomposites; electrodeposition

Other keywords: TiO2; TiO2 nanoparticles; spin coating method; Fourier transform infrared spectra; PANI films; ITO; portable bacteria sensors; electrochemical deposition method; sensitive bacteria sensors; field emission scanning electron microscopy; FTIR spectra; bacterial concentration; temperature 293.0 K to 298.0 K; p-n junction; gas molecules; anatase phase; polyaniline films; X-ray diffraction; ultraviolet-visible spectra; reusable bacteria sensors; Escherichia Coli bacteria detection; PANI-TiO2 nanocomposite-based chemiresistive gas sensor; indium tin oxide substrate; nanofibrous structure; electrical resistance; facile hydrothermal method; XRD; physical adsorption; FESEM; simple chemiresistive type gas sensor

Subjects: Infrared and Raman spectra in composite materials; Sorption and accommodation coefficients (surface chemistry); Biophysical instrumentation and techniques; Adsorption and desorption kinetics; evaporation and condensation; Composite materials (engineering materials science); Chemical sensors; Visible and ultraviolet spectra of composite materials; Structure of solid clusters, nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanostructured materials; Biological engineering and techniques; Chemical sensors; Electrochemistry and electrophoresis; Deposition from liquid phases; Deposition from liquid phases (melts and solutions); Optical properties of composite materials (thin films, low-dimensional and nanoscale structures); Microsensors and nanosensors; Nanofabrication using thin film deposition methods; Thin film growth, structure, and epitaxy

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