access icon free Steps towards numerical verification of the terahertz in-line measurement of tablet mixing by means of discrete element modelling

In recent years, terahertz in-line sensing has been used to monitor the film coating thickness of individual pharmaceutical tablets during the coating process. In the previous work, the in-line measurements were verified against off-line measurements of samples from the same population. Here, we report on our recent progress to further verify the validity of the terahertz in-line measurement modality using discrete element modelling for an artificial lab-scale tablet mixing process inside a tablet pan coater. By coupling discrete modelling with a ray-tracing method, it is then possible to estimate the cumulative measurements taken, which in turn can guide towards the fine-tuning of the selection criteria as part of measurement analysis.

Inspec keywords: mixing; coatings; discrete element method; pharmaceutical industry; pharmaceuticals; ray tracing

Other keywords: numerical verification; tablet mixing; terahertz in-line measurement modality; cumulative measurements; measurement analysis; off-line measurements; discrete modelling; film coating thickness; tablet pan coater; artificial lab-scale tablet; discrete element modelling; in-line measurements; coating process; individual pharmaceutical tablets; terahertz in-line sensing

Subjects: Surface treatment and coating techniques; Industrial processes; Pharmaceutical industry; Numerical analysis; Products and commodities

References

    1. 1)
      • 15. Pei, C., Elliott, J.A.: ‘Asymptotic limits on tablet coating variability based on cap-to-band thickness distributions: a discrete element model (DEM) study’, Chem. Eng. Sci., 2017, 172, pp. 286296.
    2. 2)
      • 16. Kloss, C., Gonvia, C., Hager, A., et al: ‘Models, algorithms and validation for open source DEM and CFD-DEM’, Prog. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 2012, 12, pp. 40152.
    3. 3)
      • 1. Perez-Ramos, J.D., Findlay, W.P., Peck, G., et al: ‘Quantitative analysis of film coating in a pan coater based on in-line sensor measurements’, AAPS PharmSciTech, 2005, 6, (1), pp. 127136.
    4. 4)
      • 10. Toschkoff, G., Just, S., Knop, K., et al: ‘Modeling of an active tablet coating process’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 104, pp. 40824092.
    5. 5)
      • 12. Freireich, B., Wassgren, B.: ‘Analysis and Monte-Carlo simulations’, Chem. Eng. Sci., 2010, 65, pp. 11171124.
    6. 6)
      • 17. Di Renzo, A., Di Maio, F.P.: ‘Comparison of contact-force models for the simulation of collisions in DEM-based granular flow codes’, Chem. Eng. Sci., 2004, 59, pp. 525541.
    7. 7)
      • 5. Markl, D., Hannesschlager, G., Sacher, S., et al: ‘In-line monitoring of a pharmaceutical pan coating process by optical coherence tomography’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 104, (8), pp. 25312540.
    8. 8)
      • 3. May, R. K., Evans, M. J., Zhong, S., et al: ‘Terahertz in-line sensor for direct coating thickness measurement of individual tablets during film coating in real-time’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2011, 100, (4), pp. 15351544.
    9. 9)
      • 11. Boehling, P., Toschkoff, G., Knop, K., et al: ‘Analysis of large-scale tablet coating: modeling, simulation and experiments’, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 2016, 90, pp. 1424.
    10. 10)
      • 14. Toschkoff, G., Just, S., Funke, A., et al: ‘Spray models for discrete element simulations of particle coating processes’, Chem. Eng. Sci., 2014, 101, pp. 603614.
    11. 11)
      • 8. Lin, H., Dong, Y., Markl, D., et al: ‘Measurement of the inter-tablet coating uniformity of a pharmaceutical pan coating process with combined terahertz and optical coherence tomography in-line sensing’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2017, 106, (4), pp. 10751084.
    12. 12)
      • 6. Lin, H., Dong, Y., Shen, Y., et al: ‘Quantifying pharmaceutical film coating with optical coherence tomography and terahertz pulsed imaging: an evaluation’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 104, (10), pp. 33773385.
    13. 13)
      • 7. Lin, H., Dong, Y., Markl, D., et al: ‘Pharmaceutical film coating catalog for spectral domain optical coherence tomography’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2017, 106, (10), pp. 31713176.
    14. 14)
      • 13. Freireich, B., Kumar, R., Ketterhagen, W., et al: ‘Comparisons of intra-tablet coating variability using DEM simulations, asymptotic limit models, and experiments’, Chem. Eng. Sci., 2015, 131, pp. 197212.
    15. 15)
      • 9. Russe, I.-S., Brock, D., Knop, K., et al: ‘Validation of terahertz coating thickness measurements using X-ray microtomography’, Mol. Pharm., 2012, 9, p. 3551.
    16. 16)
      • 2. Wirges, M., Funke, A., Serno, P., et al: ‘Development and in-line validation of a process analytical technology to facilitate the scale up of coating processes’, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2013, 78–79, pp. 5764.
    17. 17)
      • 4. Lin, H., May, R.K., Evans, M., et al: ‘Impact of processing conditions on inter-tablet coating thickness variations measured by terahertz in-line sensing’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2015, 104, (8), pp. 25132522.
    18. 18)
      • 18. Lin, H., Pei, C., Markl, D., et al: ‘Validating terahertz in-line measurement of tablet mixing with discrete element modelling’. UK–Europe–China Workshop on Millimetre Waves and Terahertz Technologies (UCMMT), Liverpool, UK, September, 2017, pp. 12.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-map.2018.5561
Loading

Related content

content/journals/10.1049/iet-map.2018.5561
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6
Loading