access icon free Reducing the risk of cascading failure in active distribution networks using adaptive critic design

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 08/01/2020, Accepted 25/03/2020, Revised 09/03/2020, Published 27/03/2020

In this study, a technique for developing a distribution management system (DMS), which possesses the flexibility to take both preventive and corrective actions against thermal overloading of branches in active distribution networks (ADNs), has been demonstrated. An ADN comprises microgrids that consist of photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The DMS primarily minimizes the hourly cumulative cost incurred by loads due to energy pricing of utility, by effectively dispatching the BESSs. Besides, the DMS regulates BESS state of charge and bus voltages within their limits. It also controls loading of branches by taking corrective measures during overloading or preventive measures during critical loading conditions. This DMS has been designed using a reinforcement learning based technique, namely, adaptive critic design (ACD). This study elaborates the formulation of ACD algorithm so that an effective performance of the controller can be achieved. As case study, a modified IEEE 5-bus system along with a microgrid and its controllers have been modelled in detail and simulated in real-time by developing a simulation-in-the-loop testbed using OPAL-RT and DSpace. This testbed facilitates simulation of the detailed model along with its power electronic components, such that both transient and steady-state performance of the system can be observed.

Inspec keywords: photovoltaic power systems; power system simulation; minimisation; learning (artificial intelligence); battery storage plants; distributed power generation; pricing; power generation economics; power system management; power generation dispatch; power distribution economics; power electronics

Other keywords: minimisation; battery energy storage systems; ADN; adaptive critic design; energy pricing; active distribution networks; thermal loading; ACD algorithm; DS1104; simulation-in-the-loop testbed; reinforcement learning based technique; OP5600; modified IEEE 5-bus system; BESS; distribution management system; bus voltages; power electronic components; microgrid; cascading failure risk reduction; DSpace; thermal overloading; OPAL-RT; DMS; critical loading conditions; photovoltaic systems

Subjects: Knowledge engineering techniques; Power engineering computing; Optimisation techniques; Optimisation techniques; Solar power stations and photovoltaic power systems; Distributed power generation; Distribution networks; Power system management, operation and economics; Power convertors and power supplies to apparatus

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