It is being increasingly recognised that the decentralised secondary frequency regulation (SFR) is more suitable for the expanding power systems. Decentralised SFR can more rapidly restore system frequency and damp generator rotor oscillations, as well as relieve the information-exchange stress between the control centre and widespread generators. Compared to other previously proposed methods, rotor angle droop (RAD) control is simpler and more straightforward. Similar to primary frequency control, the RAD controllers mainly distribute load variance among generators based on their rated capacity. However, they can rapidly and autonomously restore the system frequency without the intervention of a dispatching centre, which makes it more convenient for distributed generation (such as photovoltaic) to participate in frequency regulation. This study shows that the unbalance value between load forecast and real demand can be calculated through absolute rotor angle deviation. This calculated amount can then be reallocated to achieve more economical results. By calculating the area control error and changing the generation in different areas, the tie-line power flow (PF) can be controlled similarly. However, the fluctuation on the tie-line PF can be decreased since generators near the loads bear slightly more burden. This is helpful for tie-line control in large interconnected power systems.

References

1. 1)
  - 10. Marinovici, L.D., Lian, J., Kalsi, K., et al: ‘Distributed hierarchical control architecture for transient dynamics improvement in power systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2013, 28, (3), pp. 3065–3074.
2. 2)
  - 3. VanSlyck, L.S., Jaleeli, N., Kelley, W.R.: ‘A comprehensive shakedown of an automatic generation control process’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1989, 4, (2), pp. 771–781.
3. 3)
  - 5. De Almeida, R.G., Peas Lopes, J.A.: ‘Participation of doubly fed induction wind generators in system frequency regulation’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2007, 22, (3), pp. 944–950.
4. 4)
  - 7. Ma, H.T., Chowdhury, B.H.: ‘Working towards frequency regulation with wind plants: combined control approaches’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2010, 4, (4), pp. 308–316.
5. 5)
  - 2. Jaleeli, N., VanSlyck, L.S., Ewart, D.N., et al: ‘Understanding automatic generation control’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1992, 7, (3), pp. 1106–1122.
6. 6)
  - 13. Variani, M., Wang, S., Tomsovic, K.: ‘Study of flatness-based automatic generation control approach on an NPCC system model’. Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Denver, CO, USA, October 2015, pp. 1–5.
7. 7)
  - 9. Kumar, P., Kothari, D.P., et al: ‘Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2005, 20, (1), pp. 346–357.
8. 8)
  - 17. Qiang, W., Moufa, G.: ‘Rotor angle droop control of virtual synchronous generator in microgrids’. TENCON 2016, Singapore, 2016.
9. 9)
  - 15. Qiang, W., Xueshan, H., Weimin, G., et al: ‘Load following mechanism and power flow algorithm under generator rotor angle control mode’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2016, 10, (7), pp. 1510–1518.
10. 10)
  - 19. Singh, A.K., Pal, B.C.: ‘IEEE PES task force on benchmark systems for stability controls – report on the 68-bus, 16-machine, 5-area system’, (IEEE Power Energy Soc., 2013).
11. 11)
  - 6. Mauricio, J.M., Marano, A., Gomez-Exposito, A., et al: ‘Frequency regulation contribution through variable-speed wind energy conversion systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2009, 24, (1), pp. 173–180.
12. 12)
  - 4. Vidyanandan, K.V., Nilanjan, S.: ‘Primary frequency regulation by deloaded wind turbines using variable droop’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2013, 28, (2), pp. 837–846.
13. 13)
  - 12. Venkat, A.N., Hiskens, I.A., Rawlings, J.B., et al: ‘Distributed MPC strategies with application to power system automatic generation control’, IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., 2008, 16, (6), pp. 1192–1206.
14. 14)
  - 11. Variani, M.H., Tomsovic, K.: ‘Distributed automatic generation control using flatness-based approach for high penetration of wind generation’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2013, 28, (3), pp. 3002–3009.
15. 15)
  - 14. Qiang, W., Xueshan, H., Weimin, G., et al: ‘The principle of absolute rotor angle control and its effect on suppressing inter-area low frequency oscillations’, Int. J. Power Energy Syst., 2014, 63, pp. 1039–1046.
16. 16)
  - 16. Qiang, W., Weimin, G., Xueshan, H., et al: ‘Generator rotor angle droop control and its load-following characteristics’. POWERCON 2016, Wollongong, Australia, 2016.
17. 17)
  - 18. Jiong, H., Ya-lu, W., Jian, L., et al: ‘Research of synchronous generator angle measurement’, Power Syst. Technol., 2006, 30, pp. 354–357.
18. 18)
  - 1. Allen, J.W., Rruce, F.W.: ‘Power generation operation and control’ (John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, NY, USA, 1996).
19. 19)
  - 8. Chunming, W., Hongyi, L., Zhicheng, L., et al: ‘Analysis on stochastic power fluctuations of ac tie lines between interconnected power systems part one frequency domain features and their causes’, Power Syst. Autom., 2013, 37, (13), pp. 44–48.

New approach of automatic generation control based on absolute rotor angle droop control

References

Related content