© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
This study presents a new methodology for the optimal allocation of switching devices in radial electrical distribution systems (EDSs). A specialised greedy randomised adaptive search procedure (GRASP) algorithm defines the location of a number of switching devices in order to simultaneously improve the following optimisation subproblems related to the use of the allocated switches: (i) the optimal reconfiguration of EDS and (ii) the optimal service restoration of EDS. Eventually, the objective function of the proposed switch allocation algorithm minimises the cost of the total expected energy not supplied, computed after deploying the service restoration, plus the cost of the total annual energy loss computed for every load level in a year, plus the investment costs associated with the number of installed switches. Both optimisation subproblems, i.e. the reconfiguration and the restoration of EDS, are represented by mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) models and transformed into mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models, using linearisation strategies. MILP models guarantee convergence to optimality by using convex optimisation techniques. Finally, all tests were carried out using a real 136-node distribution system, considering dispatchable and non-dispatchable distributed generation resources.
References
-
-
1)
-
4. Billinton, R., Jonavithula, S.: ‘Optimal switching device placement in radial distribution systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 1996, 11, (3), pp. 1646–1651, (doi: 10.1109/61.517529).
-
2)
-
16. Pereira Junior, B.R., Cossi, A.M., Contreras, J., et al: ‘Multiobjective multistage distribution system planning using tabu search’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2014, 8, pp. 35–45 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0115).
-
3)
-
14. Cossi, A., da Silva, L., Lazaro, R., et al: ‘Primary power distribution systems planning taking into account reliability, operation and expansion costs’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2012, 6, (3), pp. 274–284 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2010.0666).
-
4)
-
6. Pombo, A.V., Murta-Pina, J., Pires, V.F.: ‘A multiobjective placement of switching devices in distribution networks incorporating distributed energy resources’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., 2016, 130, pp. 34–45 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.08.012).
-
5)
-
11. Falaghi, H., Haghifam, M., Singh, C.: ‘Ant colony optimization-based method for placement of sectionalizing switches in distribution networks using a fuzzy multiobjective approach’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2009, 24, (1), pp. 268–276 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2008.2005656).
-
6)
-
12. Teng, J.-H., Liu, Y.-H.: ‘A novel ACS-based optimum switch relocation method’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2003, 18, (1), pp. 113–120 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2002.807038).
-
7)
-
30. Gonçalves, R.R., Alves, R.P., Franco, J.F., et al: ‘Operation planning of electrical distribution systems using a mixed integer linear model’, J. Control Autom. Electr. Syst., 2013, 24, (5), pp. 668–679 (doi: 10.1007/s40313-013-0055-9).
-
8)
-
13. Abiri-Jahromi, A., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., Parvania, M., Mosleh, M.: ‘Optimized sectionalizing switch placement strategy in distribution systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2012, 27, (1), pp. 362–370, (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2171060).
-
9)
-
2. Billinton, R., Allan, R.N.: ‘Reliability evaluation of power systems’ (Springer, New York, 1996, 2nd edn.).
-
10)
-
24. Franco, J.F., Rider, M.J., Lavorato, M., et al: ‘Optimal conductor size selection and reconductoring in radial distribution systems using a mixed-integer LP approach’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2013, 28, (1), pp. 10–20 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2012.2201263).
-
11)
-
16. Goroohi Sardou, I., Banejad, M., Hooshmand, R., et al: ‘Modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm for optimal switch placement in distribution automation system using a multi-objective fuzzy approach’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2012, 6, (6), pp. 493–502 (doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2011.0177).
-
12)
-
31. Baran, M.E., Wu, F.F.: ‘Network reconfiguration in distribution system for loss reduction and load balancing’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 1989, 4, (2), pp. 1401–1407 (doi: 10.1109/61.25627).
-
13)
-
7. Chen, C.-S., Lin, C.-H., Chuang, H.-J., et al: ‘Optimal placement of line switches for distribution automation systems using immune algorithm’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2006, 21, (3), pp. 1209–1217 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.876673).
-
14)
-
8. Moradi, A., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M.: ‘Optimal switch placement in distribution systems using trinary particle swarm optimization algorithm’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2008, 23, (1), pp. 271–279 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2007.905428).
-
15)
-
16)
-
14. Benavides, A.J., Ritt, M., Buriol, L.S., Franc, P.M.: ‘An iterated sample construction with path relinking method: application to switch allocation in electrical distribution networks’, Comput. Oper. Res., 2013, 40, (1), pp. 24–32, doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2012.05.006).
-
17)
-
24. Fourer, R., Gay, D.M., Kernighan, B.W.: ‘AMPL: a modeling language for mathematical programming’ (Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning, Pacific Grove, CA, 2003, 2nd edn.).
-
18)
-
9. Levitin, G., Mazal–Tov, S., Elmakis, D.: ‘Genetic algorithm for optimal sectionalizing in radial distribution systems with alternative supply’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., 1995, 35, pp. 149–155 (doi: 10.1016/0378-7796(95)01002-5).
-
19)
-
11. Bernardon, D.P., Sperandio, M., Garcia, V.J., Canha, L.N., Abaide, A.R., Boeck Daza, E.F.: ‘AHP decision-making algorithm to allocate remotely controlled switches in distribution networks’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2011, 26, (3), pp. 1884–1892, (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2011.2119498).
-
20)
-
28. Bazaraa, M.S., Jarvis, J.J., Sherali, H.D.: ‘Linear programming and network flows’ (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2009, 4th edn.).
-
21)
-
5. Celli, G., Pilo, F.: ‘Optimal sectionalizing switches allocation in distribution networks’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 1999, 14, (3), pp. 1167–1172, (doi: 10.1109/61.772388).
-
22)
-
10. Bernardona, D.P., Sperandioa, M., Garciaa, V.J., et al: ‘Methodology for allocation of RCS in distribution networks based on a fuzzy multi-criteria decision making algorithm’, Elect. Power Syst. Res., 2011, 81, (2), pp. 414–420, (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2010.10.010).
-
23)
-
8. Carvalho, P.M.S., Ferreira, L.A.F.M., da Silva, A.J.C.: ‘A Decomposition approach to optimal remote controlled switch allocation in distribution systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2005, 20, (2), pp. 1031–1036, (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2004.838470).
-
24)
-
31. Feo, T., Resende, M.: ‘Greedy randomized adaptive search procedures’, J. Glob. Optim., 1995, 6, (2), pp. 109–133 (doi: 10.1007/BF01096763).
-
25)
-
15. Assis, L.S., González, J.F.V., Usberti, F.L., Lyra, C., Cavellucc, C., Zuben, F.J.V.: ‘Switch allocation problems in power distribution systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2015, 30, (1), pp. 246–253, (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2014.2322811).
-
26)
-
23. Cespedes, R.: ‘New method for the analysis of distribution networks’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 1990, 5, (1), pp. 391–396, (doi: 10.1109/61.107303).
-
27)
-
23. CPLEX: ‘Optimization subroutine library guide and reference’ (ILOG Inc., Incline Village, NV, 2008, CPLEX division edn.).
-
28)
-
10. Tippachon, W., Rerkpreedapong, D.: ‘Multiobjective optimal placement of switches and protective devices in electric power distribution systems using ant colony optimization’, Electr. Power Syst. Res., 2009, 79, (7), pp. 1171–1178 (doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2009.02.006).
-
29)
-
3. Tang, L., Yang, F., Ma, J.: ‘A survey on distribution system feeder reconfiguration: objectives and solutions’. Proc. of the 2014 Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, 2014, pp. 62–67.
-
30)
-
21. Lavorato, M., Franco, J.F., Rider, M.J., et al: ‘Imposing radiality constraints in distribution system optimization problems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2012, 27, pp. 172–180 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2161349).
-
31)
-
1. Willis, H.L.: ‘Power distribution planning reference book’ (Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, NY, 2004, 2nd edn.).
-
32)
-
9. Bezerra, J., Cordeiro Barroso, G., Saraiva Leao, R., et al: ‘Multiobjective optimization algorithm for switch placement in radial power distribution networks’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2015, 30, (2), pp. 545–552 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2317173).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1509
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-gtd.2015.1509
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6