Quantifying the reliability level of system integrity protection schemes

Mathaios Panteli; Peter A. Crossley; John Fitch

Quantifying the reliability level of system integrity protection schemes

View Fulltext

Author(s): Mathaios Panteli ¹ ; Peter A. Crossley ¹ ; John Fitch ²
- Affiliations: 1: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electrical Energy and Power Systems Group, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
  2: National Grid, Warwick Technology Park, Gallows Hill, Warwick CV43 6DA, UK
Source: Volume 8, Issue 4, April 2014, p. 753 – 764
DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0450 , Print ISSN 1751-8687, Online ISSN 1751-8695

Received 18/12/2012, Accepted 07/10/2013, Revised 11/09/2013, Published 02/12/2013

System integrity protection schemes (SIPS) are a widely used solution to the challenges in operating electrical power transmission systems during the last few decades. Since these protection schemes have become an integral part of the system, it must be ensured that their performance satisfies the reliability requirements of electrical utilities, when expressed in terms of dependability and security. This study proposes a method based on Markov modelling and fault tree analysis for assessing the reliability of a generic SIPS, but it is illustrated using the Dinorwig intertrip scheme, located in North Wales and operated by National Grid (Great Britain system operator). In addition, two reliability indices, widely used in the process control industry, are suggested for quantifying the reliability level of SIPS: (i) safety integrity level and (ii) spurious trip level. Many operators tend to have SIPS permanently in service; this reduces the probability of a ‘failure to operate’ because of a problem in the arming software or an error by a human operator that prevented the scheme being armed when required. Therefore, the impact of having SIPS always armed on SIPS reliability is compared with the impact of switching IN the scheme only when the arming conditions are fulfilled.

References

1. 1)
  - 20. Hines, P., Apt, J., Talukdar, S.: ‘Large blackouts in North America: historical trends and policy implications’, Energy Policy, 2009, 37, pp. 5249–5259 (doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.049).
2. 2)
  - 17. National Grid: ‘2011 National electricity transmission system (NETS) seven year statement’. Available at: http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/SYS/current/.
3. 3)
  - 18. Harker, K.: ‘The North Wales supergrid special protection schemes’, Electron. Power, 1984, 30, (9), pp. 719–724 (doi: 10.1049/ep.1984.0383).
4. 4)
  - 2. Madani, V., Novosel, D., Horowitz, S.: ‘IEEE PSRC report on global industry experiences with system integrity protection schemes (SIPS)’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2010, 25, (4), pp. 2143–2155 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2046917).
5. 5)
  - 16. Vesely, W.E., Goldberg, F.F., Roberts, N.H., Haasi, D.F.: ‘Fault tree handbook’, 1981.
6. 6)
  - 9. Tsun-Yu, H., Chan-Nan, L.: ‘Risk informed design refinement of a power system protection scheme’, IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2008, 57, (2), pp. 311–321 (doi: 10.1109/TR.2008.920796).
7. 7)
  - 10. ISA: ‘Safety instrumented functions (SIF) - safety integrity level (SIL) evaluation techniques, in ISA-TR84.00.02–2002 – Part 1’. Approved 17 June 2002.
8. 8)
  - 8. Weihui, F., Sanyi, Z., McCalley, J.D., Vittal, V., Abi-Samra, N.: ‘Risk assessment for special protection systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2002, 17, (1), pp. 63–72 (doi: 10.1109/59.982194).
9. 9)
  - 4. WECC: ‘WECC Standard PRC-004-WECC-1 – protection system and remedial action scheme misoperation’, September 2007.
10. 10)
  - P.M. Anderson , B.K. LeReverend . Industry experience with special protection schemes. IEEE Trans. Power Syst. , 3 , 1166 - 1179
11. 11)
  - 12. NERC: ‘System disturbance reports’. Available at: http://www.nerc.com/page.php?cid = 5|66.
12. 12)
  - 14. Winter, W., LeReverend, B.: ‘Operational performance of bulk electricity system control aids’. Electra, 123, March 1989.
13. 13)
  - 6. McCalley, J.D., Weihui, F.: ‘Reliability of special protection systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1999, 14, (4), pp. 1400–1406 (doi: 10.1109/59.801903).
14. 14)
  - 13. Anderson, P.M., LeReverend, B.K.: ‘Industry experience with special protection schemes’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1996, 11, (3), pp. 1166–1179 (doi: 10.1109/59.535588).
15. 15)
  - 4. WECC: ‘WECC Standard PRC-004-WECC-1 – protection system and remedial action scheme misoperation’, September 2007.
16. 16)
  - 8. Weihui, F., Sanyi, Z., McCalley, J.D., Vittal, V., Abi-Samra, N.: ‘Risk assessment for special protection systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 2002, 17, (1), pp. 63–72 (doi: 10.1109/59.982194).
17. 17)
  - 16. Vesely, W.E., Goldberg, F.F., Roberts, N.H., Haasi, D.F.: ‘Fault tree handbook’, 1981.
18. 18)
  - 19. Moss, T.R.: ‘The reliability data handbook’ (Antony Rowe Limited, 2005).
19. 19)
  - 21. WECC Relay Work Group: ‘Remedial action scheme design guide’, February 2006.
20. 20)
  - 10. ISA: ‘Safety instrumented functions (SIF) - safety integrity level (SIL) evaluation techniques, in ISA-TR84.00.02–2002 – Part 1’. Approved 17 June 2002.
21. 21)
  - 3. McTaggart, C., Cardenas, J., Lopez, A., Bone, A.: ‘Improvements in power system integrity protection schemes’. Proc. 10th IET Int. Conf. Developments in Power System Protection (DPSP 2010), March 2010, pp. 1–5.
22. 22)
  - 17. National Grid: ‘2011 National electricity transmission system (NETS) seven year statement’. Available at: http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/SYS/current/.
23. 23)
  - 7. Tsun-Yu, H., Chan-Nan, L.: ‘Special protection system reliability assessment’. Proc. Int. Conf. Industrial & Commercial Power Systems, Edmonton, Alta, May 2007, pp. 1–7.
24. 24)
  - 5. McCalley, J., Oluwaseyi, O., Krishnan, V., Dai, R., Singh, C., Jiang, K.: ‘System protection schemes: limitations, risks, and management’ (PSERC Publications, 2010).
25. 25)
  - 11. Risknowlogy: Available at: http://www.risknowlogy.com/, accessed February 2012.
26. 26)
  - 20. Hines, P., Apt, J., Talukdar, S.: ‘Large blackouts in North America: historical trends and policy implications’, Energy Policy, 2009, 37, pp. 5249–5259 (doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.049).
27. 27)
  - 2. Madani, V., Novosel, D., Horowitz, S.: ‘IEEE PSRC report on global industry experiences with system integrity protection schemes (SIPS)’, IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., 2010, 25, (4), pp. 2143–2155 (doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2046917).
28. 28)
  - 18. Harker, K.: ‘The North Wales supergrid special protection schemes’, Electron. Power, 1984, 30, (9), pp. 719–724 (doi: 10.1049/ep.1984.0383).
29. 29)
  - 14. Winter, W., LeReverend, B.: ‘Operational performance of bulk electricity system control aids’. Electra, 123, March 1989.
30. 30)
  - 9. Tsun-Yu, H., Chan-Nan, L.: ‘Risk informed design refinement of a power system protection scheme’, IEEE Trans. Reliab., 2008, 57, (2), pp. 311–321 (doi: 10.1109/TR.2008.920796).
31. 31)
  - 15. Billinton, R., Allan, R.N.: ‘Reliability evaluation of engineering systems: concepts and techniques’ (Pitman Advanced Publishing, 1985).
32. 32)
  - 1. Cholley, P., Crossley, P., Van Acker, V.: ‘System protection schemes in power networks’ (CIGRE Publications, Report of CIGRE Working Group 38.02.19, 2001), pp. 50–61.
33. 33)
  - 12. NERC: ‘System disturbance reports’. Available at: http://www.nerc.com/page.php?cid = 5|66.
34. 34)
  - 6. McCalley, J.D., Weihui, F.: ‘Reliability of special protection systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 1999, 14, (4), pp. 1400–1406 (doi: 10.1109/59.801903).

Login

Not registered yet?

Share

Tools

Login to add to favourites

Key

Quantifying the reliability level of system integrity protection schemes

References

Related content