access icon free Stochastic multi-objective frequency control in joint energy and reserve markets considering power system security

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 12/12/2011, Accepted 04/10/2012, Revised 07/05/2012, Published

This study presents a novel stochastic multi-objective model for precise scheduling of energy and reserve services in day-ahead markets. This model is based on a security-constrained market clearing with an emphasis on preservation of system frequency. A frequency index that is derived from the total system frequency profile during post-contingency intervals has been defined as an extra objective function to control system frequency after the occurrence of a contingency. The model is capable of scheduling the tertiary regulation interval through appropriate generators’ reference power setting instructions made by the ISO based on participants’ bids for energy and reserve services. The reference power settings are obtained by an optimisation model and can be performed directly by the speed changers. The load dependency on frequency has also been analysed in the proposed model. This approach could be used by ISOs to make a trade-off concurrently between system frequency profile and total operating cost to operate the power system securely in an economically efficient manner. The developed multi-objective programming is analysed through two case studies; a three-bus system scheduled over 1 h and the IEEE 24-bus reliability test system over 24 h, solved by means of mixed-integer linear programming methods.

Inspec keywords: scheduling; frequency control; stochastic systems; power system security; power system economics; linear programming; integer programming; power markets; power control

Other keywords: joint energy control; IEEE 24-bus reliability test system; mixed-integer linear programming methods; power system security; tertiary regulation interval; ISO; reserve market services; post-contingency intervals; day-ahead markets; frequency index; generator reference power setting instructions; optimisation model; total system frequency profile; three-bus system; multiobjective programming; system frequency preservation; security-constrained market clearing; stochastic multiobjective frequency control model; energy scheduling

Subjects: Optimisation techniques; Time-varying control systems; Control of electric power systems; Power and energy control; Power system management, operation and economics; Frequency control; Power system control; Optimisation techniques

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