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access icon free Hydrogen penetration and fuel cell vehicle deployment in the carbon constrained future energy system

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 06/02/2020, Accepted 11/05/2020, Revised 23/04/2020, Published 22/07/2020

This research undertakes an investigation of global fuel cell vehicle (FCV) deployment, cognizant of optimal economic deployment and stakeholder preferences in a case study of Japan out to the year 2050. The model is mathematically formulated as a large-scale linear optimization problem, aiming to minimize system costs, including generation type, fuel, conversion, and carbon reduction, subject to the constraint of carbon dioxide reduction targets. Results show that between ∼0.8 and 2% of global energy consumption needs can be met by hydrogen by 2050, with city gas and transport emerging as significant use cases. Passenger FCVs and hydrogen buses account for most of the hydrogen-based transportation sector, leading to a global deployment of ∼120 million FCVs by 2050. Hydrogen production is reliant on fossil fuels, and OECD nations are net importers – especially Japan. To underpin hydrogen production from fossil fuels, carbon capture and storage is required in significant quantities when anticipating a large fleet of FCVs. Stakeholder engagement suggests optimism toward FCV deployment while policy issues identified include the necessity for large-scale future energy system investment and rapid technical and economic feasibility progress for renewables and electrolysers to achieve a hydrogen economy which is not reliant on fossil fuels.

Inspec keywords: air pollution control; carbon capture and storage; investment; renewable energy sources; fuel cell vehicles; transportation; fossil fuels; hydrogen economy; carbon compounds; optimisation

Other keywords: maximum penetration scenarios; large-scale linear optimisation problem; optimal economic deployment; carbon reduction costs; global deployment; future hydrogen penetration; hydrogen economy; carbon dioxide reductions; renewable energy technologies; minimum penetration scenarios; fossil fuels; hydrogen production; global fuel cell vehicle deployment; fuel costs; global model; stakeholder preferences; FCV deployment; city gas; conversion costs; carbon capture; electrolysers; large-scale future energy system investment; global energy consumption; hydrogen-based transportation sector; hydrogen buses; carbon-constrained energy system

Subjects: General transportation (energy utilisation); Transportation; Carbon storage/sequestration (environmental science technology); Energy resources; Optimisation techniques; Hydrogen storage and technology; Pollution detection and control

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