© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
This study presents a new fault-tolerant predictive power control strategy for doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) used in wind energy applications, with the rotor fed by a three-level neutral point clamped converter. The proposed control strategy is able to maintain the system in operation with a good performance after the occurrence of either open-circuit (OC) or short-circuit faults in the insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) of the rotor-side converter (RSC), thus reducing the downtime and maintenance costs of wind turbines. The fault-tolerant strategy takes advantage of the discrete nature and flexibility of finite control set model predictive control strategies and restricts the possible switching states of the power converter according to the type of fault and its location. A diagnosis method for IGBT OC faults in the RSC, based on voltage errors, is also proposed for the considered system. This method uses the estimated rotor voltages from the DFIG model, thus avoiding the use of any extra sensors. Accurate and fast detection of OC faults in both interior and exterior IGBTs is achieved throughout the entire DFIG operational range. The effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method and fault-tolerant control strategy is validated with several experimental results.
References
-
-
1)
-
1. Yaramasu, V., Wu, B., Sen, P.C., et al: ‘High-power wind energy conversion systems: state-of-the-art and emerging technologies’, Proc. IEEE, 2015, 103, (5), pp. 740–788 (doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2014.2378692).
-
2)
-
5. Blaabjerg, F., Ma, K.: ‘Future on power electronics for wind turbine systems’, IEEE J. Emerging Sel. Top. Power Electron., 2013, 1, (3), pp. 139–152 (doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2013.2275978).
-
3)
-
19. Yaramasu, V., Wu, B., Rivera, M., et al: ‘Generalised approach for predictive control with common-mode voltage mitigation in multilevel diode-clamped converters’, IET Power Electron., 2015, 8, (8), pp. 1440–1450 (doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0775).
-
4)
-
17. Sae-Kok, W., Grant, D.M., Williams, B.W.: ‘System reconfiguration under open-switch faults in a doubly fed induction machine’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2010, 4, (5), pp. 458–470 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2010.0005).
-
5)
-
13. Lu, B., Sharma, S.K.: ‘A literature review of IGBT fault diagnostic and protection methods for power inverters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2009, 45, (5), pp. 1770–1777.
-
6)
-
1. Rodriguez, J., Kazmierkowski, M.P., Espinoza, J.R., et al: ‘Delay compensation in model predictive current control of a three-phase inverter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2012, 59, pp. 1323–1325 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2157284).
-
7)
-
14. Rojas, C.A., Rodriguez, J., Villarroel, F., et al: ‘Predictive torque and flux control without weighting factors’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, (2), pp. 681–690 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2206344).
-
8)
-
3. Guzman, H., Duran, M.J., Barrero, F., et al: ‘Speed control of five-phase induction motors with integrated open-phase fault operation using model-based predictive current control techniques’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2014, 61, (9), pp. 4474–4484 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2289882).
-
9)
-
1. Cardenas, R., Pena, R., Alepuz, S., Asher, G.: ‘Overview of control systems for the operation of DFIGs in wind energy applications’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2013, 60, pp. 2776–2798 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2013.2243372).
-
10)
-
7. Bordons, C., Montero, C.: ‘Basic principles of MPC for power converters: bridging the gap between theory and practice’, IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., 2015, 9, (3), pp. 31–43 (doi: 10.1109/MIE.2014.2356600).
-
11)
-
19. Lee, J.S., Lee, K.B., Blaabjerg, F.: ‘Open-switch fault detection method of a back-to-back converter using NPC topology for wind turbine systems’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2015, 51, (1), pp. 325–335.
-
12)
-
12. Qiao, W., Lu, D.: ‘A survey on wind turbine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis – part I: components and subsystems’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2015, 62, (10), pp. 6536–6545 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2015.2422112).
-
13)
-
17. Caseiro, L.M.A., Mendes, A.M.S.: ‘Real-time IGBT open-circuit fault diagnosis in three-level neutral-point-clamped voltage-source rectifiers based on instant voltage error’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2015, 62, (3), pp. 1669–1678 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2341558).
-
14)
-
18. Karimi, S., Gaillard, A., Poure, P., et al: ‘FPGA-based real-time power converter failure diagnosis for wind energy conversion systems’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2008, 55, (12), pp. 4299–4308 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.2005244).
-
15)
-
28. Elizondo, J., Olloqui, A., Rivera, M., et al: ‘Model-based predictive rotor current control for grid synchronization of a DFIG driven by an indirect matrix converter’, IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., 2014, 2, (4), pp. 715–726 (doi: 10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2349952).
-
16)
-
27. Calle-Prado, A., Alepuz, S., Bordonau, J., et al: ‘Predictive control of a back-to-back NPC converter-based wind power system’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2016, 63, (7), pp. 4615–4627 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2529564).
-
17)
-
20. Choi, U.M., Lee, J.S., Blaabjerg, F., et al: ‘Open-circuit fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control for a grid-connected NPC inverter’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2016, 31, (10), pp. 7234–7247.
-
18)
-
28. Araya, M.F., Silva, C., Cortes, P.: ‘Predictive current control of a doubly fed inductor generator (DFIG) for fast power reference tracking’. IEEE Int. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conf. (EPE/PEMC), Novi Sad, Serbia, September 2012, pp. DS2a.5-1–DS2a.5-6.
-
19)
-
14. Yang, S., Bryant, A., Mawby, P., et al: ‘An industry-based survey of reliability in power electronic converters’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, 47, (3), pp. 1441–1451.
-
20)
-
8. Yaramasu, V., Bin, W.: ‘Predictive control of a three-level boost converter and an NPC inverter for high-power PMSG-based medium voltage wind energy conversion systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2014, 29, (10), pp. 5308–5322 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2292068).
-
21)
-
14. Liserre, M., Cardenas, R., Molinas, M., Rodriguez, J.: ‘Overview of multi-MW wind turbines and wind parks’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2011, 58, pp. 1081–1095 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2103910).
-
22)
-
29. Hu, J., Zhu, J., Dorrell, D.: ‘Model-predictive direct power control of doubly-fed induction generators under unbalanced grid voltage conditions in wind energy applications’, IET Renew. Power Gener., 2014, 8, (6), pp. 687–695 (doi: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2013.0312).
-
23)
-
16. Choi, U., Blaabjerg, F., Lee, K.: ‘Study and handling methods of power IGBT module failures in power electronic converter systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2015, 30, (5), pp. 2517–2533 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2373390).
-
24)
-
5. Abad, G., Lopez, J., Rodriguez, M., et al: ‘Doubly fed induction machine: modeling and control for wind energy generation’ (John Wiley & Sons, 2011, 1st edn.).
-
25)
-
6. Vargas, R., Cotes, P., Ammann, U., Rodriguez, J., Pont, J.: ‘Predictive control of a three-phase neutral point clamped inverter’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2007, 54, (5), pp. 2697–2705 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2007.899854).
-
26)
-
2. Blaabjerg, F., Liserre, M., Ma, K.: ‘Power electronics converters for wind turbine systems’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2012, 48, (2), pp. 708–719.
-
27)
-
11. Hu, J., Zhu, J., Zhang, Y., et al: ‘Predictive direct virtual torque and power control of doubly fed induction generators for fast and smooth grid synchronization and flexible power regulation’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (7), pp. 3182–3194 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2219321).
-
28)
-
21. Kouro, S., Perez, M.A., Rodriguez, J., et al: ‘Model predictive control: MPC's role in the evolution of power electronics’, IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., 2015, 9, (4), pp. 8–21 (doi: 10.1109/MIE.2015.2478920).
-
29)
-
22. Guzman, H., Barrero, F., Duran, M.J.: ‘IGBT-gating failure effect on a fault-tolerant predictive current-controlled five-phase induction motor drive’, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., 2015, 62, (1), pp. 15–20 (doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2331019).
-
30)
-
16. Duan, P., Xie, K.G., Zhang, L., et al: ‘Open-switch fault diagnosis and system reconfiguration of doubly fed wind power converter used in a microgrid’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2011, 26, (3), pp. 816–821 (doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2095470).
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-epa.2016.0494
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-epa.2016.0494
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6