© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
In this study, the authors examine the process of authenticating paper media using the unique fibre structure of a piece of paper (the so-called ‘paper fingerprint’) In particular, the authors look at methods to authenticate a paper fingerprint when text has been printed over the authentication zone. The authors show how alpha-masked correlation can be applied to this problem and develop a modification to this technique that is more closely matched to the requirements of this problem and produces an improvement in performance. They also investigate two methods of pixel inpainting to remove printed text or marks from the authentication zone and allow ordinary correlation to be performed. The authors show that these methods can perform as well as alpha-masked correlation. They derive confidence estimates for one of the matching processes. Finally, the authors investigate some methods for improving the robustness to forgery and rotation of the matching process.
References
-
-
1)
-
Burt, P.J., Adelson, E.H.: `Method for compensating for void-defects in images', US Patent 4698843, October 1987.
-
2)
-
Goldman, R.N.: `Non-counterfeitable document system', US Patent 4423415, Light Signatures Inc., June 1981.
-
3)
-
J.D.R. Buchanan ,
R.P. Cowburn ,
A.-V. Jausovec
.
Forgery: ‘fingerprinting’ documents and packaging.
Nature
-
4)
-
Ecob, S.E., Perry, S.W., Rudkin, S.A.: `Authenticating partially transparent medium', Australian Patent Application AU2007254655, , filed in December 2007.
-
5)
-
Kuglin, C.D., Hines, D.C.: `The phase correlation image alignment method', Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Cybernetics and Society, 1975.
-
6)
-
Goldman, R.N.: `Verification system for document substance and content', US Patent 4568936, Light Signatures, December 1984.
-
7)
-
W. Press ,
S. Teukolsky ,
W. Vetterling ,
B. Flannery
.
(1995)
Numerical recipes in C. The art of scientific computing in ‘Modeling of data’.
-
8)
-
Hardy, S.J., Pham, T.Q.: `Paper fingerprint matching with compensation for small rotation', Australian Patent Application AU2007237366, , filed in December 2007.
-
9)
-
Knutsson, H., Westin, C.-F.: `Normalized and differential convolution: methods for interpolation and filtering of incomplete and uncertain data', Proc. CVPR, 1993.
-
10)
-
Boutant, Y., Labelle, D., Seux, H.: `Method for recognition and tracking of fibrous media and applications of such a method, particularly in the computer field', US Patent Application 2005/0257064, April 2005.
-
11)
-
M. Bertalmio ,
L. Vese ,
G. Sapiro ,
S. Osher
.
Simultaneous structure and texture image inpainting.
IEEE Trans. IP
,
8 ,
882 -
889
-
12)
-
B.K.P. Horn ,
M.J. Brooks
.
(1989)
Shape from shading.
-
13)
-
Hardy, S.J., Larkin, K.G., Farrar, S., Fletcher, P.A., Pham, T.Q.: `Alpha-masked image matching', US Patent Application 2009/0003601, , filed in June 2008.
-
14)
-
Sugino, H., Ito, K., Shimizu, T.: `Document verification system', US Patent 6948657, April 2003.
-
15)
-
Eric W. Weisstein
.
Extreme value distribution from Mathworld, a Wolfram Web Resource.
-
16)
-
Johansson, P.-A., Hansson, P.: `Method of determining an illuminated surface', US Patent 6757065, 2004.
-
17)
-
Clarkson, W., Weyrich, T., Finkelstein, A., Heninger, N., Halderman, J.A., Felten, E.W.: `Fingerprinting blank paper using commodity scanners', Proc. IEEE Symp. on Security and Privacy, 2009.
-
18)
-
A. Fitch ,
A. Kadyrov ,
W. Christmas ,
J. Kittler
.
Fast robust correlation.
IEEE Trans. Image Process.
,
8 ,
1063 -
1073
-
19)
-
P.J. Burt ,
E.H. Adelson
.
The Laplacian Pyramid as a compact image code.
IEEE Trans. Commun.
,
4 ,
532 -
540
-
20)
-
Gustavson, S.: `Dot Gain in Color Halftones', 1997, PhD disertation No. 492, Linköping University, Sweden.
-
21)
-
M. Natrella
.
Engineering Statistics Handbook, Extreme Value Distributions.
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-cvi.2010.0037
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-cvi.2010.0037
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6