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access icon openaccess IoT cloud-based cyber-physical system for efficient solid waste management in smart cities: a novel cost function based route optimisation technique for waste collection vehicles using dustbin sensors and real-time road traffic informatics

This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)
Received 15/12/2019, Accepted 03/08/2020, Revised 14/04/2020, Published 14/08/2020

IoT cloud-based connected smart dustbins (equipped with sensors) are imperative for efficient waste management in smart city. Municipal agencies can reduce the use of both man and machine by cutting down their overall waste collection route distance as well as number of waste collection vehicles (WCVs) by deploying this proposed cyber-physical system for route optimization of WCVs with capacitated vehicle-routing model. A novel cost function is mathematically modelled using data from dustbin-sensors and real-time road-traffic with modified Dijkstra's algorithm for optimisation of WCVs routes. Amount of solid waste in the dustbin (GC in %), rate of the filling (ΔG) and real-time/dynamic road traffic information from Google distance matrix advanced application programming interface (API) are used for estimation of the optimised route for WCVs. Optimisation goal of this work is to reduce both capital expense (CapEx) and operational expense (OpEx) of solid waste collection in the city by cutting the WCV fleet size and reducing overall distance covered by WCVs. The proposed route optimisation technique is analytically simulated for Bhubaneswar smart city and the result shows 30.28% saving in overall WCVs route distance and hence reducing OpEx around 29.07% and CapEx around 26.83% by reducing WCV fleet size.

Inspec keywords: real-time systems; smart cities; traffic information systems; waste management; Internet of Things; cloud computing; optimisation; vehicle routing; transportation; application program interfaces; road traffic

Other keywords: IoT cloud infrastructure; vehicle routes; operational expense; optimisation engine; capacitated vehicle-routing problem model; dustbin sensor data; efficient solid waste management; road-side unit; heterogeneous data network; Google distance matrix advanced API; real-time road traffic informatics; dustbin sensor module; capital expense; waste collection vehicles; effective waste management system; Bhubaneswar smart city; dynamic road traffic information; WCV fleet size; centralised internet of things cloud; IoT cloud-based cyber-physical system; solid waste collection; route distance; cost function based route optimisation technique; modified Dijkstra's algorithm

Subjects: Environmental aspects of computing; Optimisation techniques; Internet software; General utility programs; Traffic engineering computing

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