An extremely low-loss porous core circular photonic crystal fibre is presented for terahertz (THz) wave guidance. Much of attention is given to the geometries of the fibre to increase the fraction of power transmitted through core air holes. The finite-element method has been used to compute the modal characteristics of the fibre. Simulation results exhibit an ultra-low material loss of −0.05 cm⁻¹ which is one-fourth of the bulk material loss and almost half of the useful power goes through core air holes at a frequency f = 1 THz. Besides, single-mode properties, confinement loss and dispersion of the fibre are rigorously discussed. The proposed fibre can be fabricated using capillary stacking or sol–gel technique and is useful for transmission applications in the THz frequency band.

References

1. 1)
  - 9. Zhao, G., Mors, M.T., Wenckebach, T., et al: ‘Terahertz dielectric properties of polystyrene foam’, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 2002, 19, (6), pp. 1476–1479 (doi: 10.1364/JOSAB.19.001476).
2. 2)
  - 8. Skorobogatiy, M., Dupuis, A.: ‘Ferroelectric all-polymer hollow Bragg fibers for terahertz guidance’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2007, 90, (11), pp. 113514-1–113514-3 (doi: 10.1063/1.2713137).
3. 3)
  - 15. Nielsen, K., Rasmussen, H.K., Jepsen, P.U., Bang, O.: ‘Porous-core honeycomb bandgap THz fiber’, Opt. Lett., 2011, 36, (5), pp. 666–668 (doi: 10.1364/OL.36.000666).
4. 4)
  - 8. Shubi Felix Kaijage, Z.O., Jin, X.: ‘Porous-core photonic crystal fiber for low loss terahertz wave guiding’, IEEE Photonic Technol. Lett., 2013, 25, (15), pp. 1454–1457 (doi: 10.1109/LPT.2013.2266412).
5. 5)
  - 14. Chen, N.-N., Liang, J., Ren, L.-Y.: ‘High-birefringence, low-loss porous fiber for single mode terahertz wave guidance’, Appl. Opt., 2013, 52, (21), pp. 5297–5302 (doi: 10.1364/AO.52.005297).
6. 6)
  - 1. Jacobsen, R.H., Mittleman, D.M., Nuss, M.C.: ‘Chemical recognition of gases and gas mixtures with terahertz waves’, Opt. Lett., 1996, 21, (24), pp. 2011–2013 (doi: 10.1364/OL.21.002011).
7. 7)
  - 26. Emiliyanov, G., Jensen, J.B., Bang, O., et al: ‘Localized biosensing with Topas microstructured polymer optical fiber’, Opt. Lett., 2007, 32, (5), pp. 460–462 (doi: 10.1364/OL.32.000460).
8. 8)
  - 7. Uthman, M., Rahman, B.M.A., Kejalakshmy, N., et al: ‘Design and characterization of low-loss porous-core photonic crystal fiber’, IEEE Photonic J., 2012, 4, (6), pp. 2315–2325 (doi: 10.1109/JPHOT.2012.2231939).
9. 9)
  - 4. Strachan, C.J., Taday, P.F., Newnham, D.A., et al: ‘Using terahertz pulsed spectroscopy to quantify pharmaceutical polymorphism and crystallinity’, J. Pharm. Sci., 2005, 94, pp. 837–846 (doi: 10.1002/jps.20281).
10. 10)
  - 15. Imran Hasan, Md., Abdur Razzak, S.M., Hasanuzzaman, G.K.M., et al: ‘Ultra-low material loss and dispersion flattened fiber for THz transmission’, IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., 2014, 26, (23), pp. 2372–2375 (doi: 10.1109/LPT.2014.2356492).
11. 11)
  - 25. Nielsen, K., Rasmussen, H.K., Adam, A.J.L., Planken, P.C.M., Bang, O., Jepsen, P.U.: ‘Bendable, low-loss Topas ﬁbers for the terahertz frequency range’, Opt. Express, 2009, 17, (10), pp. 8592–8601 (doi: 10.1364/OE.17.008592).
12. 12)
  - 10. Han, H., Park, H., Cho, M., et al: ‘Terahertz pulse propagation in a plastic photonic crystal fiber’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2002, 80, (15), pp. 2634–2636 (doi: 10.1063/1.1468897).
13. 13)
  - 7. Lu, J.Y., Yu, C.P., Chang, H.C., et al: ‘Terahertz air-core microstructure fiber’, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008, 92, (6), pp. 064105-1–064105-3.
14. 14)
  - 14. Rana, S., Kibria, G., Hasanuzzaman, Md., et al: ‘Proposal for a low loss porous core octagonal photonic crystal fiber for T-ray wave guiding’, Opt. Eng., 2014, 53, (11), p. 115107 (doi: 10.1117/1.OE.53.11.115107).
15. 15)
  - 23. Liang, J., Ren, L., Chen, N., Zhou, C.: ‘Broadband, low-loss, dispersion ﬂattened porous core photonic band gap ﬁber for terahertz (THz) wave propagation’, Opt. Commun., 2013, 295, pp. 257–261 (doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2013.01.010).
16. 16)
  - 18. Kaneshima, K., Namihira, Y., Zou, N., et al: ‘Numerical investigation of octagonal photonic crystal fibers with strong confinement field’, IEICE Trans. Electron., 2006, E89-C, (6), pp. 830–837 (doi: 10.1093/ietele/e89-c.6.830).
17. 17)
  - 6. Chen, L.J., Chen, H.W., Kao, T.F., et al: ‘Low-loss sub-wavelength plastic fiber for terahertz wave guiding’, Opt. Lett., 2006, 31, (3), pp. 308–310 (doi: 10.1364/OL.31.000308).
18. 18)
  - 3. Zhang, J.Q., Grischkowsky, D.: ‘Waveguide terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of nanometer water layers’, Opt. Lett., 2004, 29, (14), pp. 1617–1619 (doi: 10.1364/OL.29.001617).
19. 19)
  - 28. Islam, R., Hasanuzzaman, G.K.M., Habib, S., Rana, S., et al: ‘Low-loss rotated porous core hexagonal single-mode fiber in THz regime’, Opt. Fiber Technol., 2015, 24, pp. 38–43 (doi: 10.1016/j.yofte.2015.04.006).
20. 20)
  - 5. Woodward, R.M., Wallace, V.P., Arnone, D.D., et al: ‘Terahertz pulsed imaging of skin cancer in the time and frequency domain’, J. Biol. Phys., 2003, 29, (2/3), pp. 257–261 (doi: 10.1023/A:1024409329416).
21. 21)
  - 2. Chen, Q., Jiang, Z.P., Xu, G.X., et al: ‘Near-field terahertz imaging with a dynamic aperture’, Opt. Lett., 2000, 25, (15), pp. 1122–1124 (doi: 10.1364/OL.25.001122).
22. 22)
  - 22. Hasan, M.I., Habib, M.S., Habib, M.S., et al: ‘Design of hybrid photonic crystal fiber: polarization and dispersion properties’, Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl., 2014, 12, (2), pp. 205–211 (doi: 10.1016/j.photonics.2014.02.002).
23. 23)
  - 23. Bise, R.T., Trevor, D.J.: ‘Solgel-derived micro-structured fibers: fabrication and characterization’. Proc. of Optical Fiber Communication Conf., OFC, 2005.

Porous core photonic crystal fibre for ultra-low material loss in THz regime

References

Related content