This study studies dual-hop amplify-and-forward relaying system employing differential encoding and decoding over time-varying Rayleigh-fading channels. First, the convectional ‘two-symbol’ differential detection (CDD) is theoretically analysed in terms of the bit error rate. The obtained analysis clearly shows that performance of two-symbol differential detection severely degrades in fast-fading channels and reaches an irreducible error floor at high signal-to-noise ratio region. To overcome the error floor experienced with fast-fading, a practical suboptimal ‘multiple-symbol’ detection (MSD) is designed and its performance is theoretically analysed. The analyses of CDD and MSD are verified and illustrated with simulation results under different fading scenarios. Specifically, the obtained results show that the proposed MSD can significantly improve the system performance in fast-fading channels.

References

1. 1)
  - 4. Dohler, M., Li, Y.: ‘Cooperative communications: hardware, channel and PHY’ (Wiley, West Sussex, UK, 2010).
2. 2)
  - 8. Simon, M.K., Alouini, M.-S.: ‘A unified approach to the probability of error for noncoherent and differentially coherent modulations over generalized fading channels’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 1998, 46, (12), pp. 1625–1638 (doi: 10.1109/26.737401).
3. 3)
  - 27. Biglieri, E., Caire, G., Taricco, G., Ventura-Traveset, J.: ‘Simple method for evaluating error probabilities’, Electron. Lett., 1996, 32, (3), pp. 191–192 (doi: 10.1049/el:19960148).
4. 4)
  - 8. Suraweera, H.A., Karagiannidis, G.K., Smith, P.J.: ‘Performance analysis of the dual-hop asymmetric fading channel’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2009, 8, (6), pp. 2783–2788.
5. 5)
  - 9. Hasna, M.O., Alouini, M.-S.: ‘End-to-end performance of transmission systems with relays over Rayleigh-fading channels’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2003, 2, (6), pp. 1126–1131.
6. 6)
  - D. Divsalar , M.K. Simon . Multiple symbol differential detection of MPSK. IEEE Trans. Commun. , 3 , 300 - 308
7. 7)
  - P. Ho , D. Fung . Error performance of multiple-symbol differential detection of PSK signals transmitted over correlated Rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Trans. Commun. , 10 , 1566 - 1569
8. 8)
  - S. Biswas , R. Tatchikou , F. Dion . Vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communication protocols for enhancing highway traffic safety. IEEE Commun. Mag. , 1 , 74 - 82
9. 9)
  - Y.R. Zheng , C. Xiao . Improved models for the generation of multiple uncorrelated Rayleigh fading waveforms. IEEE Commun. Lett. , 256 - 258
10. 10)
  - 12. Liu, P., Gazor, S., Kim, I.-M., Kim, D.I.: ‘Noncoherent amplify-and-forward cooperative networks: robust detection and performance analysis’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2013, 61, (9), pp. 3644–3659 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2013.071013.120781).
11. 11)
  - 11. Fang, Z., Li, L., Bao, X., Wang, Z.: ‘Generalized differential modulation for amplify-and-forward wireless relay networks’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2009, 58, (6), pp. 3058–3062 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2008.2012125).
12. 12)
  - 25. Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B.: ‘Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm’, J. R. Stat. Soc., 1977, 39, (1), pp. 1–38.
13. 13)
  - 5. Li, Q., Hu, R.Q., Qian, Y., Wu, G.: ‘Cooperative communications for wireless networks: techniques and applications in LTE-advanced systems’, IEEE Wirel. Commun., 2012, 19, (2), pp. 22–29.
14. 14)
  - 23. Jakes, W.C.: ‘Microwave mobile communications’ (Wiley-IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, 1994).
15. 15)
  - 16. Avendi, M.R., Nguyen, H.H.: ‘Performance of differential amplify-and-forward relaying in multinode wireless communications’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2013, 62, (8), pp. 3603–3613 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2013.2263509).
16. 16)
  - 5. Yang, Y., Hu, H., Xu, J., Mao, G.: ‘Relay technologies for WiMAX and LTE-advanced mobile systems’, IEEE Commun. Mag., 2009, 47, (10), pp. 100–105 (doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2009.5273815).
17. 17)
  - T. Himsoon , W. Su , K. Liu . Differential transmission for amplify-and-forward cooperative communications. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. , 597 - 600
18. 18)
  - 21. Pauli, V., Lampe, L.: ‘Tree-search multiple-symbol differential decoding for unitary space-time modulation’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 2007, 55, (8), pp. 1567–1576 (doi: 10.1109/TCOMM.2007.902500).
19. 19)
  - Q. Zhao , H. Li . Differential modulation for cooperative wireless systems. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. , 2273 - 2283
20. 20)
  - 2. Himsoon, T., Siriwongpairat, W., Su, W., Liu, K.: ‘Differential modulations for multinode cooperative communications’, IEEE Trans. Signal Process., 2008, 56, (7), pp. 2941–2956 (doi: 10.1109/TSP.2008.917358).
21. 21)
  - R. Pabst , B.H. Walke , D.C. Schultz . Relay-based deployment concepts for wireless and mobile broadband radio. IEEE Commun. Mag. , 9 , 80 - 89
22. 22)
  - L. Lampe , R. Schober , V. Pauli , C. Windpassinger . Multiple-symbol differential sphere decoding. IEEE Trans. Commun. , 12 , 1981 - 1985
23. 23)
  - 10. Patel, C., Stuber, G., Pratt, T.: ‘Statistical properties of amplify and forward relay fading channels’, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 2006, 55, (1), pp. 1–9 (doi: 10.1109/TVT.2005.861170).
24. 24)
  - M.O. Hasna , M.-S. Alouini . A performance study of dual-hop transmissions with fixed gain relays. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. , 6 , 1963 - 1968
25. 25)
  - B. Hassibi , H. Vikalo . On the sphere-decoding algorithm. I: Expected complexity. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. , 8 , 2806 - 2818
26. 26)
  - 28. Turin, G.L.: ‘The characteristic function of Hermitian quadratic forms in complex normal variables’, Biometrika, 1960, 47, (1/2), pp. 199–201 (doi: 10.2307/2332977).
27. 27)
  - 18. Divsalar, D., Simon, M.K.: ‘Maximum-likelihood differential detection of uncoded and Trellis coded amplitude phase modulation over AWGN and fading channels-metrics and performance’, IEEE Trans. Commun., 1994, 42, (1), pp. 76–89 (doi: 10.1109/26.275303).
28. 28)
  - J.N. Laneman , D.N.C. Tse , G.W. Wornell . Cooperative diversity in wireless networks: efficient protocols and outage behavior. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory , 12 , 3062 - 3080
29. 29)
  - 22. Ricklin, N., Zeidler, J.R.: ‘Block detection of multiple symbol DPSK in a statistically unknown time-varying channel’. IEEE Int. Conf. Communication, ICC, 2009, pp. 1–5.

Differential dual-hop relaying under user mobility

References

Related content