© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
This study proposes a practical transmission surveillance and self-protection scheme for time division multiplexing using passive optical network (TDM-PON) with centralised monitoring and self-restorable apparatus. Troubleshooting a TDM-PON involves locating and identifying the source of an optical problem in what may be a complex optical network topology that includes several optical line terminals (OLTs), optical splitters, fibres and optical network units (ONUs). Since most components in the network are passive, a large part of the issues are due to dirty/damaged/misaligned connectors or breaks/macrobends in optical fibre cables. These will affect one, some or all subscribers in the network, depending on the location of the problems. The proposed scheme is able to prevent and detect the occurrence of fibre faults in a network system through centralised monitoring and remotely operate from a central office via Ethernet connection. Even with fibre fault prevention mechanisms, failures will still occur. Therefore fibre fault detection is required in order to detect potential faults and precisely localise the exact failure location. Whenever any failure occurs on the primary entity, the proposed system can protect and switch the failure line to the protection line to ensure that traffic flows continuously. Meanwhile, the failure information will be delivered to field engineers for taking appropriate recovery action to treat the fibre fault and failure link. One suggestion in point-to-multipoint (P2PM) applications has been proposed with the experimental results as the feasibility approach. This approach has bright prospects for improving the survivability and reliability as well as increasing the efficiency and monitoring capabilities in TDM-PON.
References
-
-
1)
-
http://www.europeftthcouncil.com/, accessed January 2009.
-
2)
-
A.A.A. Bakar ,
M.Z. Jamaludin ,
F. Abdullah ,
M.H. Yaacob ,
M.A. Mahdi ,
M.K. Abdullah
.
A new technique of real-time monitoring of fibre optic cable networks transmission.
Opt. Lasers Eng.
,
126 -
130
-
3)
-
Harres, D.N.: `Built-in test for fiber optic networks enabled by OTDR', 25thDigital Avionics Systems Conf., 2006, p. 5A1–5A8.
-
4)
-
(2006)
FTB-400 universal test system user guide.
-
5)
-
(2006)
FTTx PON guide testing passive optical networks.
-
6)
-
http://www.e-photon-one.org/ephotonplus/servlet/Utils.MostrarFitxerPublic?fitxer=D_VD-A_3.pdf&pathRelatiu=EPhoton+One+%2B%2FPublic%2FPublic+Deliverables%2F, accessed January 2009.
-
7)
-
J.O. Farmer ,
K. Bourg
.
Practical deployment of passive optical networks.
IEEE Commun. Mag.
,
7 ,
136 -
145
-
8)
-
C.K. Chan ,
F. Tong ,
L.K. Chen ,
K.P. Ho ,
D. Lim
.
Fibre-fault identification for branched access networks using a wavelength-sweeping monitoring source.
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
,
614 -
616
-
9)
-
http://www.huawei.com/publications/view.do?cid=342&id=680&pid=61, accessed January 2009.
-
10)
-
http://www.thetelecom.co.uk/20080626/ftth-to-fteh/, accessed January 2009.
-
11)
-
M. Menif ,
H. Fathallah
.
An encoder/decoder device including a single reflective element for optical code division multiple access system.
J. Opt. Commun.
,
3 ,
172 -
174
-
12)
-
Heard, I.B.: `Availability and cost estimation of secured FTTH architectures', Proc. Int. Conf. Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM 2008), March 2008, p. 158–163.
-
13)
-
www.ezcom.cn/English/digital%20library/200612/13.pdf, accessed January 2009.
-
14)
-
A. Girard
.
(2006)
FTTX PON technology and testing.
-
15)
-
Rahman, M.S.A., Rashid, A.R.A., Ehsan, A.A., Shaari, S.: `The characterization of FTTH wavelength selective coupler', Proc. 2008 IEEE Int. Conf. Semiconductor Electronics (ICSE 2008), 25–27 November 2008, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, p. 302–305.
-
16)
-
http://www.ofsoptics.com/press_room/media-pdfs/fttx_prism-vol41.pdf, accessed January 2009.
-
17)
-
D. King ,
W.B. Lyons ,
C. Flanagan ,
E. Lewis
.
Interpreting complex data from a three-sensor multipoint optical fiber ethanol concentration sensor system using artificial neural network pattern recognition.
Meas. Sci. Technol.
,
1560 -
1567
-
18)
-
M.K. Barnoski ,
S.M. Jensen
.
Fiber waveguides: a novel technique for investigating attenuation characteristics.
Appl. Opt.
,
2112 -
2115
-
19)
-
K.L. Lee ,
S.B. Kang ,
D.S. Lim ,
H.K. Lee ,
W.V. Sorin
.
Fibre link loss monitoring scheme in bidirectional WDM transmission using ASE-injected FP-LD.
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.
,
3 ,
523 -
525
-
20)
-
http://www.convergedigest.com/whitepapers/documents/Occam%20FTTX%20white%20 paper.pdf, accessed January 2009.
-
21)
-
D.R. Anderson ,
L. Johnson ,
F.G. Bell
.
(2004)
Chapter 10: analyzing passive networks containing splitters and couplers, Troubleshooting optical fiber networks understanding and using optical time-domain reflectometers.
-
22)
-
F.M. Abbou ,
H.Y. Wong ,
C.C. Hiew ,
A. Abid ,
H.T. Chuah
.
Performance evaluation of dispersion managed optical TDM-WDM transmission system in the presence of SPM, XPM, and FWM.
J. Opt. Commun.
,
3 ,
221 -
224
-
23)
-
B.A. Forouzan
.
(2007)
Chapter 28: network management: SNMP, ‘Data communications and networking.
-
24)
-
http://www.cn-c114.net/579/a329434.html, accessed January 2009.
-
25)
-
Y.G. Lu ,
X.P. Zhang ,
F. Wang ,
Y.H. Liu
.
Optical cable fault locating using Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer and cable localized heating method.
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 48
,
1387 -
1393
-
26)
-
J.X. Cai ,
M. Nissov ,
C.R. Davidson
.
Long-haul 40 Gbits DWDM transmission with aggregated capacities exceeding 1 Tb/s.
J. Lightwave Technol.
,
2247 -
2257
http://iet.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journals/10.1049/iet-com.2009.0017
Related content
content/journals/10.1049/iet-com.2009.0017
pub_keyword,iet_inspecKeyword,pub_concept
6
6