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Integrated power management circuit for piezoelectronic generator in wireless monitoring system of orthopaedic implants

Integrated power management circuit for piezoelectronic generator in wireless monitoring system of orthopaedic implants

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Published

Piezoelectric (PZT) materials are capable of converting the mechanical energy of compression into electrical energy. With the recent advent of extremely low-power electrical devices, PZT generators have become attractive in many kinds of applications, especially for biomedical applications. Piezoelectronic generators are used in a wireless monitoring system of orthopaedic implants. Due to their poor source characteristics, the efficiency of PZT generator is low. A hybrid direct current (DC)–DC, comprising a switched capacitor (SC) DC–DC converter and a low dropout (LDO) linear voltage regulator, is presented to improve conversion efficiency. A bandgap reference (BGR) circuit which works in sub-threshold region is also presented. Because SC DC–DC converter works in the highest voltage region in this system, small power supply current, including supply current through BGR and other auxiliary modules, means low power consumption. BGR's power supply voltage can be varied from 3 to 16 V. Its supply current is only 3.2 µA at 125 °C and its temperature coefficient is 46 ppm. Stacked switches technique is proposed to reduce leakage current in switching process of SC converter. Simulation results show that the efficiency of SC's converter can reach 88%, that of LDO can reach 80% and that of the overall system can reach 66%, including power consumption of all auxiliary components, which is far higher than previous work.

Inspec keywords: reference circuits; piezoelectric materials; voltage regulators; orthopaedics; prosthetics; biomedical equipment

Other keywords: piezoelectric materials; DC-DC converter; integrated power management circuit; switched capacitor; low dropout linear voltage regulator; orthopaedic implants; mechanical energy; piezoelectronic generator; bandgap reference circuit; wireless monitoring system

Subjects: Power electronics, supply and supervisory circuits; Prosthetics and other practical applications; Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials; Prosthetics and orthotics

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