access icon free High-speed analogue sampled-data signal processing for real-time fault location in electrical power networks

© The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Received 24/05/2017, Accepted 05/03/2018, Revised 06/02/2018, Published 09/03/2018

The emulation of low-loss or lossless one-dimensional (1D) or 2D transmission mediums using analogue sampled-data signal processing is presented. Based on discrete-time wave propagation simulation, transmission lines are emulated with many elementary identical delay elements, implemented by simple equivalent switched-capacitor (SC) circuits. The accuracy and limitations of this discrete time model are studied in the frame of power network fault location using electromagnetic time-reversal principle. The sensitivities to non-ideal effects usually plaguing analogue CMOS SC circuits, such as amplifier finite open-loop gain, offset, and parasitic charge injection due to clock feedthrough, are evaluated in the same context. It is shown that the SC line emulation is well suited to the presented fault location technique and considerably reduces the fault location time (by a factor up to 100) in comparison to standard digital solutions, allowing fault location resolutions of typically 1% within a few hundred milliseconds. These expectations are confirmed by measurements realised on the presented line model integrated-circuit, implemented in an AMS 0.35 μm CMOS process. The speed improvement obtained through the presented method is essential, potentially allowing real-time fault management in power grids.

Inspec keywords: signal sampling; switched capacitor networks; power distribution faults; CMOS analogue integrated circuits; power transmission lines; wave propagation; fault location; equivalent circuits; power transmission faults; power distribution lines

Other keywords: real-time fault management; one-dimensional transmission medium; real-time fault location technique; parasitic charge injection; amplifier finite open-loop gain; equivalent switched-capacitor circuit; size 0.35 m; elementary identical delay element; power grid; discrete-time wave propagation simulation; AMS CMOS process; electrical power network; high-speed analogue sampled-data signal processing; discrete time model; 1D transmission medium; transmission line; 2D transmission medium; analogue CMOS SC circuit; electromagnetic timereversal principle

Subjects: Time varying and switched networks; Power transmission, distribution and supply; CMOS integrated circuits; Signal processing and detection

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