Diabetic patients are prone to daily and severe health-related risks, namely hyper and hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia phenomenon happens when the glucose level in patient's blood is lower than a well-determined sill. It may induce serious impacts, such as functional brain failure or even the death. Hypoglycaemia is especially dangerous when it occurs during the night while the patient is asleep because it becomes difficult to be detected by the patient itself or other persons around him. While all existing sensor-based solutions are detection-only driven, the proposed solution goes beyond and attempts to treat autonomously, and at low cost, the nocturnal hypoglycaemia. The presented system detects the nocturnal hypoglycaemia phenomenon based on accelerated heart-rate symptom and a progressive detection algorithm. The system treats then the detected nocturnal hypoglycaemia throughout safe and automatic injection of glucagon.

References

1. 1)
  - 2. Skladnev, V.N., Ghevondian, N., Tarnavskii, S., et al: ‘Clinical evaluation of a noninvasive alarm system for nocturnal hypoglycemia’, J. Diabetes. Sci. Technol., 2010, 10, pp. 67–74 (doi: 10.1177/193229681000400109).
2. 2)
  - 4. Buckingham, B., Chase, H.P., Dassau, E., et al: ‘Prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia using predictive alarm algorithms and insulin pump suspension’, Diabetes Care, 2010, 33, pp. 1013–1017 (doi: 10.2337/dc09-2303).
3. 3)
  - 6. Nguyen, H.T., Ghevondian, N., Jones, T.W.: ‘Real-time detection of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes using a novel non-invasive hypoglycemia monitor’, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2009, pp. 3822–3825.
4. 4)
  - 5. Ling, S.H., Nguyen, H.T.: ‘Natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia detection using hybrid particle swarm optimized fuzzy reasoning model’, Artif. Intell. Med., 2012, 55, pp. 84–177 (doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2012.04.003).
5. 5)
  - 8. http://fritzing.org/home/ (visited on July 2018).
6. 6)
  - 1. Chan, M.: ‘Global reports on diabetes’ (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016), pp. 1–88.
7. 7)
  - 9. https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1122.html (visited on July 2018).
8. 8)
  - 11. https://www.healio.com/endocrinology/news/print/endocrine-today/%7Bb072cd05-c4c8-45be-b7bc-f711fd8a162b%7D/what-is-the-cause-of-dead-in-bed-syndrome (visited on July 2018).
9. 9)
  - 7. Larsen, A., Højlund, K., Poulsen, M.K., et al: ‘Hypoglycemia-associated electroencephalogram and electrocardiogram changes appear simultaneously’, J. Diabetes Sci. Technol., 2013, 7, pp. 93–99 (doi: 10.1177/193229681300700111).
10. 10)
  - 3. Xiaolin, W., Sorin, I., Andrew, D.: ‘Long-term home study on nocturnal hypoglycemic alarms using a new fully implantable continuous glucose monitoring system in type 1 diabetes’, Diabetes Technol. Therapeutics, 2015, 17, pp. 780–786 (doi: 10.1089/dia.2014.0375).
11. 11)
  - 10. https://learn.adafruit.com/introduction-to-bluetooth-low-energy/introduction (visited on July 2018).

Sensor-based wearable system for the detection and automatic treatment of nocturnal hypoglycaemia

References

Related content