Double Rayleigh backscattering in long-haul transmission systems employing distributed and lumped fibre amplifiers

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Double Rayleigh backscattering in long-haul transmission systems employing distributed and lumped fibre amplifiers

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Double Rayleigh backscattering in long-haul transmission systems employing ‘lumped’ and distributed fibre amplifiers has been analysed. We find that, for singlemode fibre employing ‘lumped’ erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) with isolators on both sides of the EDFAs, the degradation is very small; however, for systems using ‘lumped’ praseodymium-doped fluoride fibre amplifiers or distributed EDFAs the power penalties can be large.

Inspec keywords: Rayleigh scattering; optical fibre communication; fibre lasers

Other keywords: degradation; power penalties; isolators; singlemode fibre; distributed fibre amplifiers; lumped fibre amplifiers; erbium-doped fibre amplifiers; long-haul transmission systems; praseodymium-doped fluoride fibre amplifiers; double Rayleigh backscattering

Subjects: Optical communication

References

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      • Krummrich, P.M.: `Aspects of pump wavelength selection for Pr', WC2, Proc. Conf. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, August 1994, Optical Society of America, Breckenridge, p. 22–24.
    2. 2)
      • Yamada, M., Shimizu, M.: `Progress towards the telecommunication application of 1.3 µm praseodymium-dopedfiber amplifiers', WC1, Proc. Conf. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, August 1994, Optical Society of America, Breckenridge, p. 18–21.
    3. 3)
      • Whitley, T., Lobbett, R., Wyatt, R., Szebesta, D.: `5 Gbps transmission over 100 km of optical fibre using a directly modulatedDFB laser and anengineered 1.3 micron Pr', WB1, Proc. Conf. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, August 1994, Optical Society of America, Breckenridge, p. 4–6.
    4. 4)
      • F.W. Willems , J.C. van der Plaats , D.J. Digiovanni . EDFA noise figure degradation caused by amplified signal double Rayleighscatteringin erbium doped fibres. Electron. Lett. , 8 , 645 - 646
    5. 5)
      • Wan, P., Conradi, J.: `Power penalties due to Rayleigh backscattering in long-haul transmissionsystems employinglumped and distributed EDFAs', THC6, Proc. Conf. Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications, August 1994, Optical Society of America, Breckenridge, p. 106–108.
    6. 6)
      • J.L. Gimlett , M.Z. Iqbal , N.K. Cheung , A. Righetti , F. Fontana , G. Grasso . Observation of equivalent scattering mirrors in lightwave systems withoptical amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. , 211 - 213
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