This study investigates the fabrication of hydroxyapatite (HAP) nano-coating on a gold–quartz crystal sensor used for quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurement using an electrophoretic deposition technique. Surface morphology and thickness of the HAP coating are examined via scanning electron microscopy and nano-indention testing. Its repeatability is verified via QCM-D testing. Results show that electrophoretic deposition with ultrasonic treatment is feasible and cost-effective for fabricating nano-thick HAP coatings on a QCM-D gold–quartz crystal sensor surface. Both suspension concentration and electric-field strength influence the compactness of HAP coatings. There exists a non-linear relationship between HAP coating compactness and the suspension concentration/electric-field strength. When the HAP suspension concentration is 30 g/l and the applied electric-field strength is 150 V/cm, the HAP coating on the QCM-D gold–quartz crystal sensor surface is uniform and compact with a thickness of 35 nm and is tightly bonded to the sensor surface. The obtained HAP-coated sensor is thus suitable for QCM-D measurement.

References

1. 1)
  - [9]. Hadidi, M., Bigham, A., Saebnoori, E., et al: ‘Electrophoretic-deposited hydroxyapatite-copper nanocomposite as an antibacterial coating for biomedical applications’, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 321, pp. 171–179 (doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.04.055).
2. 2)
  - [15]. Oliver, W.C., Pharr, G.M.: ‘Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: advances in understanding and refinements to methodology’, J. Mater. Res., 2004, 19, (1), pp. 3–20 (doi: 10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3).
3. 3)
  - [13]. Chang, C.W., Liao, J.D.: ‘Nano-indentation at the surface contact level: applying a harmonic frequency for measuring contact stiffness of self-assembled monolayers adsorbed on Au’, Nanotechnology, 2008, 19, (31), p. 315703 (doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/31/315703).
4. 4)
  - [7]. Low, I.M., Duraman, N., Mahmood, U.: ‘Mapping the structure, composition and mechanical properties of human teeth’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2008, 28, (2), pp. 243–247 (doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2006.12.013).
5. 5)
  - [10]. Wen, C., Zhan, X., Huang, X, et al: ‘Characterization and corrosion properties of hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide bio-composite coating on magnesium alloy by one-step micro-arc oxidation method’, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017, 317, pp. 125–133 (doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.03.034).
6. 6)
  - [5]. Monkawa, A., Ikoma, T., Yunoki, S., et al: ‘Fabrication of hydroxyapatite ultra-thin layer on gold surface and its application for quartz crystal microbalance technique’, Biomaterials, 2006, 27, (33), pp. 5748–5754 (doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.07.029).
7. 7)
  - [4]. Yongli, C., Xiufang, Z., Yandao, G., et al: ‘Conformational changes of fibrinogen adsorption onto hydroxyapatite and titanium oxide nanoparticles’, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1999, 214, (1), pp. 38–45 (doi: 10.1006/jcis.1999.6159).
8. 8)
  - [14]. Zhang, Y.F., Zheng, J., Zheng, L., et al: ‘Effect of adsorption time on the adhesion strength between salivary pellicle and human tooth enamel’, J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 2015, 42, pp. 257–266 (doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.11.024).
9. 9)
  - [3]. Dong, G., He, L., Pang, D., et al: ‘An in situ, study of the deposition of a calcium phosphate mineralized layer on a silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite sensor modulated by bovine serum albumin using QCM-D technology’, Ceram. Int., 2016, 42, (16), pp. 18648–18656 (doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.09.002).
10. 10)
  - [18]. Javidi, M., Javadpour, S., Bahrololoom, M.E., et al: ‘Electrophoretic deposition of natural hydroxyapatite on medical grade 316l stainless steel’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2008, 28, (8), pp. 1509–1515 (doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.04.003).
11. 11)
  - [8]. Richert, L., Variola, F., Rosei, F., et al: ‘Adsorption of proteins on nanoporous Ti surfaces’, Surf. Sci., 2010, 604, (17), pp. 1445–1451 (doi: 10.1016/j.susc.2010.05.007).
12. 12)
  - [17]. Sun, G., Ma, J., Zhang, S.: ‘Electrophoretic deposition of zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings’, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2014, 39, (1), pp. 67–72 (doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.02.023).
13. 13)
  - [19]. Meng, X., Kwon, T.Y., Kim, K.H.: ‘Hydroxyapatite coating by electrophoretic deposition at dynamic voltage’, Dent. Mater. J., 2008, 27, (5), pp. 666–671 (doi: 10.4012/dmj.27.666).
14. 14)
  - [12]. Kwok, C.T., Wong, P.K., Cheng, F.T., et al: ‘Characterization and corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite coatings on ti6al4v fabricated by electrophoretic deposition’, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, 255, (13–14), pp. 6736–6744 (doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.02.086).
15. 15)
  - [16]. Farrokhi-Rad, M., Shahrabi, T.: ‘Effect of suspension medium on the electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and properties of obtained coatings’, Ceram. Int., 2014, 40, (2), pp. 3031–3039 (doi: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2013.10.004).
16. 16)
  - [11]. Shi, H.Y., Hu, R., Lin, C.J.: ‘Study on controllable preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite coatings on Ti substrate by electrochemical deposition’, J. Funct. Mater., 2006, 37, (1), pp. 98–101.
17. 17)
  - [6]. Macakova, L., Yakubov, G.E., Plunkett, M.A., et al: ‘Influence of ionic strength changes on the structure of pre-adsorbed salivary films. A response of a natural multi-component layer’, Colloids Surf. B, Biointerfaces, 2010, 77, (1), pp. 31–39 (doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.12.022).
18. 18)
  - [2]. Rechendorff, K., Hovgaard, M.B., Foss, M., et al: ‘Enhancement of protein adsorption induced by surface roughness’, Langmuir ACS J. Surf. Colloids, 2006, 22, (26), pp. 10885–10888 (doi: 10.1021/la0621923).
19. 19)
  - [1]. Alejandro, B., Thomas, A., Liselott, L.: ‘Characteristics of saliva films adsorbed onto different dental materials studied by QCM-D’, Colloids Surf. A, Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2014, 442, (8), pp. 56–62.

Electrophoretic-deposited HAP nano-layer as a QCM-D sensor coating: effects of suspension concentration and electric-field strength

References

Related content