With the development of the electricity spot market, the amount of settlement data is massive, the complexity of settlement methods is exponentially increasing, and the settlement errors are also greatly increased. This puts forward higher requirements for the complexity and efficiency of clearing calculation. In this paper, we first construct a high-performance clearing data model for the spot market, and propose a high-performance clearing method based on this model. At the same time, we implement it based on the actual settlement system, and verify that the high-performance clearing method has high usability through calculation examples.

The study aims to investigate the possibility of producing hydrogen from sewage sludge obtained during wastewater treatment, using emission factors. It provides an overview of current trends in treating sewage sludge, analyses the potential for generating biogas and hydrogen from sewage sludge, and examines the role of hydrogen in transitioning towards greener energy. The research methodology uses statistical approaches to derive potential values from baseline data through emission factors and categorizes study areas based on this information. The background indicates that biogas-based hydrogen production offers benefits such as utilizing renewable energy sources and reclaiming sewage sludge. There has been a substantial increase in municipal wastewater treatment sludge generation while simultaneously reducing non-hazardous sludge disposal by landfilling. The focus is on utilizing these resources effectively instead of squandering them, while also identifying previously wasted potential over recent years. The primary objective of the paper is to assess the untapped potential that has not been fully utilized in recent years. The research direction was shaped by access to statistical data, albeit constrained by its focus on a typical technological process. The study delves into an increasingly relevant area, with outcomes applicable for policymakers as well as professionals in energy and environmental fields.

The maintenance and renovation of old (over 100 years old) residential buildings is one of the priority tasks in the last decades, because - especially in the inner areas of big cities - there are still a lot of them today, and therefore it has a decisive effect on the quality of life of many people. Since the structural design, materials, and condition of these types of residential buildings show many similarities, it is advisable to develop a uniform method for their condition assessment. A condition assessment and decision support model that is suitable for objective and uniform evaluation of this large number of old residential buildings and enables their energy-efficient maintenance and renovation as needed is being developed. The decision model consists of 4 main components (“Project info”, “Knowledge base”, “Preparatory work process”, “Fuzzy system”). For this method, a fuzzy signature-based decision model was developed, that can be used for the condition assessment of old residential buildings and for multi purpose intervention decision support. In this article, the main components are briefly overviewed and the automatic relationships between the individual elements of the project info and how it’s values affect the structure of the fuzzy signature is examined in details. Since the optimal structure of the fuzzy signature helps to make the right decision and the ideal use of the available resources, it is of great importance in terms of energy efficiency and sustainability. The other aim of automation is to make condition assessment even faster and more reliable.

Geothermal recovery is a traditional method for exploiting heavy oil resources. The thermal method of heavy oil recovery persists as the most effective method for the development of huge petroleum resources. Empirical relationships among thermal heat capacity (Cp); conductivity (Tc) and other petrophysical properties such as acoustic wave velocity and thermal conductivity vary on environmental conditions such as rock diagenesis and primary structures. We investigated sandstone samples taken from the Baharyia Formation, northwestern desert, Egypt. The relations between thermal heat capacity and sample porosity have been evaluated for sandstone sequences of the Baharyia Formation. We used the regression models approved by El Sayed, 2011, El Sayed and El Sayed, (2019 and 2023) joined to the Baharyia Formation, allowing us to build advanced relationships. They predict rock thermal capacity (Th. Cap.) and heat capacity (Cp) from laboratory measurements of thermal conductivity (TC) and longitudinal wave velocity (Vp). The present charts are not verified by laboratory-measured specific thermal heat capacity because of a deficiency of laboratory-published data of Cp on similar lithology. The necessity for models of rock thermal property determination based on petrophysical measurements or even well-logging data is significant. The present conclusions are very important to be used in the future to outline specific heat capacity from both thermal and acoustic logging confirmation.

In the current era of architecture, sustainability and energy efficiency are becoming increasingly important, while at the same time, advanced technological tools and analytical methods are reshaping the design and construction of buildings. Architects must think responsibly and globally, as buildings account for a significant proportion of the world's energy use. As architects, we have a responsibility to create ecologically optimal facilities for the long term. With this in mind, we would like to present applications that trace the chronological milestones in the development of energy analysis. This paper provides a detailed overview of the different methods of energy analysis. The methods include software developed specifically for energy analysis, an analysis add-on built into modeling software, and among the more innovative technologies, we have also examined parametric design and methodologies based on artificial intelligence algorithms. We have tried to select these methodologies and software in a diversified way to get a more comprehensive picture of how they work. The main aim of this paper is to compare the conclusions drawn from case studies of our previous energy research and from the studies of these energy software, partly subjectively and partly with an objective perspective that tightens subjectivity. As such, a set of criteria we have defined will guide the structure of this analysis. In this article, we will try to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each method, and we will also try to consider the importance of 3D model-based analysis.

The examination of the environmental impact of buildings during the design process is becoming increasingly important nowadays. Since the geometry and materials of the building are chosen during the conceptual design phase, it is of paramount importance to explore alternative solutions during this stage, considering their significant effect on the building’s environmental footprint and performance later. The aim of this study is to compare the environmental impact of an industrial hall depending on the applied structural material and geometry. 48 different geometries were generated and evaluated using parametric design focusing on the first stage of the lifecycle. Regarding the material of the load-bearing structure, the prefabricated reinforced concrete hall exhibits a lower overall environmental impact compared to the steel structure of the same geometry. In terms of geometry, among the three spans examined (16.5, 18, and 20 meters), the largest span proves to be the most environmentally advantageous.

There are many different solution available to meet a given energy demand. These solutions may differ significantly not only in their technical and economic characteristics but also in their effects on the environment. The purpose of this article is to present principles, considerations, and methods for a complex assessment of the production, conversion, transportation, storage, and end-use of various types of energy. The authors present seven distinct approaches, principles, and methodologies that are commonly employed to comprehend the consequences of various energy utilization solutions. The characteristics of each model and the range of information provided by each solution are presented through concrete examples. The applicability of different methods and approaches is also analysed comparatively. These methods have not yet been translated so far into a coherent, integrated model by either engineering practice or academia, although an accurate understanding of the impacts on the sustainability and energy trilemma necessitates applying as complex analytical solutions as possible. The objective of this article is to collate, evaluate, and harmonise a range of widely used energy usage evaluation models. The aim is to propose a coherent, integrated approach to facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental, technical, and financial implications of different energy utilisation approaches.

The sustainability of buildings is becoming increasingly important in today's world. Ever stricter environmental regulations encourage designers to select appropriate materials and products by examining multiple alternative solutions. This article presents an analysis of the global warming potential (GWP) of the roof structure of a residential building depending on the roof shape and angle. Three different roof types (flat roof, gable roof, and shed roof) were examined with the application of commonly used composite structures. The applied range of roof angles was between 20°and 45°in 5-degree increments for the gable and shed roofs, while 0°was used for the flat roof. The analysis was conducted using the Archicad-Grasshopper live connection, which enabled rapid examination of the GWP by dynamically tracking changes in geometry and roof angle. According to the results, the roof shape constructed with a steel beam slab and a gable roof made of solid wood had the smallest environmental impact in terms of the first phase of the life cycle.

Throughout human history, the efficiency of energy conversion devices has been crucial. The increase in humanity's energy consumption makes the efficiency of energy conversions crucial. In the Neolithic era, humans used about 3,500 kcal (14.6 MJ) per day, while modern people in developed countries use around 250,000 kcal (1,046 MJ) daily. Over approximately 10,000 years, our energy consumption has increased more than seventyfold. The rapid development of industry, household and agricultural automation, advances in transport technology, and widespread use of telecommunication constantly introduce new energy consumers. However, the rapidly growing demand for energy is outpacing the existing explored reserves of available energy sources, leading to concerns about resource depletion in many areas. There is a growing call to shift focus from fossil fuels to climate-neutral and renewable energy sources. As electrification becomes more widespread, the need for electrical energy is increasing, presenting us with numerous new challenges. Consequently, establishing new energy principles and formulating new (energy) strategies are necessary. This paper analyses energy conversion efficiency across historical periods, focusing on recent trends. Based on the results, we can assert that if this trend continues, we can achieve more efficient energy conversion systems.

Jaggery is a traditional, natural sweetener generally produced by boiling sugarcane juice in an open pan until it solidifies. This production process is typically carried out in conventional jaggery plants, which often suffer from a lack of technological advancements. The traditional methods used in jaggery production led to several drawbacks, particularly high bagasse consumption and poor thermal performance. The present study focuses on variations in thermal performance in winter and summer seasons based on experimental investigation. Thermal performance analysis is accomplished with the help of thermodynamic relations. In contrast, cost analysis has been performed based on fixed cost, running cost and maintenance cost for estimating the payback period. The present investigation demonstrates that the thermal performance during the summer season is enhanced compared to the winter season due to elevated ambient temperature, increased brix value, and reduced moisture content in bagasse. The thermal efficiency of the four-pan jaggery plant is 17.62% in the summer season and 25.72% in the winter. The fluctuation in brix values between winter and summer seasons is apparent in the experimental study, which impacts the duration required to complete a single batch of jaggery production. The chimney draft is more pronounced in the winter season compared to the summer season, resulting in changes in bagasse consumption and furnace temperature. Furthermore, the present analysis also includes the study of the density and velocity of flue gas emanating from the chimney. In addition, the cost analysis shows that the estimated payback period for the traditional four-pan jaggery plant is 1.5 years.