Smart Cities Symposium 2018
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- Location: Bahrain, Bahrain
- Conference date: 22-23 April 2018
- ISBN: 978-1-78561-942-7
- Conference number: CP747
- The following topics are dealt with: Internet of Things; town and country planning; microcontrollers; learning (artificial intelligence); cloud computing; Internet; traffic engineering computing; mobile computing; compressive strength; construction industry.
1 - 20 of 53 items found
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Lightweight Identity-based Cryptographic Framework for Smart Vehicles: Cryptographic Proof
- Author(s): S. Al-Shareeda and F. Ozguner
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(6 pp.)
Existing vehicular standards adopt a heavyweight authentication framework to achieve the needed security requirements. However, the embraced framework has high computation and communication overhead because of its certificates and digital signatures; therefore, Identity Based cryptographic (IBC) authentications have been considered as better alternatives with less overhead. Most IBCs rely on pairing operation on elliptic curves in their underlined calculations, but pairing is a time-consuming operation. Hence, building pairingless IBC authentication schemes become a must. In this paper, we build a new pairingless IBC authentication scheme by fine-tuning a mixture of three available IBC frameworks. We rigorously prove the security of the scheme and show its effectiveness in comparison with the available approaches in terms of computation complexity and communication overhead.
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Children Safety Using Smartwatch with Anomaly Detection Approach Model
- Author(s): A.E. Al-Naser and W.M. El-Medany
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(4 pp.)
Children safety is a big concern to parents. Whether their child is feeling depressed, being attacked or bullied by other kids, at health or physical risk or even being accompanied by an unauthorized person. The currently available smartwatches designed for kids are either using a threshold-based approach which requires pre-configuration or they require intervention to activate the emergency reaction. These approaches lack in providing personalization for each user data and their protecting actions are based on the preconfigured rules only. In this research, we discuss the child safety issues and introduce a design for a solution based on anomaly detection approach through a smartwatch which is designed for children protection. Anomaly detection approaches can be seen in domains such as big data, intrusion detection and in sensor networks which are discussed in this research. In our approach, we are utilizing the anomaly detection approach for the data collected from the hardware non-invasive sensors embedded into the smartwatch to create personalized rules for each user. These rules are continuously compared to the live data to isolate the discovered anomalies. This approach design ensures much better protection decisions comparing to the currently available solutions.
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A Recruitment and Human Resource Management Technique Using Blockchain Technology for Industry 4.0
- Author(s): M.H. Onik ; M.H. Miraz ; Chul-Soo Kim
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(6 pp.)
Application of Information Technology (IT) in the domain of Human Resource Management (HRM) systems is a sine qua non for any organization for successfully adopting and implementing Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0). However, these systems are required to ensure non-biased, efficient, transparent and secure environment. Blockchain, a technology based on distributed digital ledgers, can help facilitate the process of successfully effectuating these specifications. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the current status of usage of Information Technology in the domain of Human Resource Management and how Blockchain can help achieve a smart, cost-effective, efficient, transparent and secure factory management system. A Blockchain based Recruitment Management System (BcRMS) as well as Blockchain based Human Resource Management System (BcHRMS) algorithm have been proposed. From the analysis of the results obtained through the case study, it is evident that the proposed system holds definite advantages compared to the existing recruitment systems. Future research directions have also been identified and advocated.
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A Framework for Evaluation of Cyber Security Challenges in Smart Cities
- Author(s): M.R. Belgaum ; Z. Alansari ; R. Jain ; J. Alshaer
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(6 pp.)
Cities are transforming to smart as various devices, technologies, services, connections, blocks, and storages are all readjusting to smart in contrast to the traditional ones. All such interconnected devices are said to be the Internet of Things (IoT) which grants the users a convenient life. At the same time, it leaves behind challenges to handle as these devices are loosely linked and the information is transmitted through the network. In this study, a review of various components forming a smart city with the challenges and factors influencing them are considered. A general objective of the study is to identify the different areas of smart city which are affected by cyber security challenges and find out the rank of each area. The data for this research is obtained from the questionnaire, experts' views and paired comparisons of the prior studies and by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process approach, find the weight of each factor and sub factor and their rank accordingly. Amongst the nine-factors, the "Smart Security' factor with the weight of 0.198 is the most important, and the “Smart Building” factor with the weight of 0.058 is the least significant area influenced by cyber security challenges is smart cities.
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Maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic systems by accurate prediction of maximum power voltage
- Author(s): A. Al-Subhi and I. El-Amin
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(6 pp.)
In the modern and smart cities, the PV systems are one of the major renewable sources for free, clean and green energy. It is thus necessary to utilize the recent technologies to build more efficient systems. This paper proposes a simple and efficient methodology for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed MPPT methodology is based on building an accurate mathematical relationship between standard test conditions (STC) variables and weather conditions as input parameters, with the maximum power voltage as an output parameter, without requiring estimating the equivalent PV circuit model parameters. The optimal duty cycle can be then simply determined using the DC-DC converter equation. Several SIMULINK PV modules are adopted to collect the data necessary for building the model. The data are then transferred to EUREQA software for training process and model building tasks. Accurate mathematical model for the voltage at maximum power is then formulated as a function of PV module STC variables given in the module data sheet, as well as the temperature and irradiance values. The predicting capability of the proposed maximum power voltage model is tested by comparison with different PV modules from SIMULINK library and with some recent published research adopting different algorithms. The proposed model is then applied to a grid-connected PV system incorporated with perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm for achieving MPPT. The simulation results are in good agreement with the results obtained using all algorithms considered in comparison.
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Resistor-less low-power voltage reference
- Author(s): Y. Othman ; J.J. Ninan ; A. Altarabsheh
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(6 pp.)
Resistor-less voltage reference is a fundamental part of any IOT system to help increase its capabilities while reducing its power consumption making better smart cities. A low power resistorless VR with Vref of 440 mV with a total power consumption of 1.2 μW is presented in this paper. The operational temperature range is between -10°C to 90°C with a temperature coefficient of 246ppm/°C. The proposed circuit has a PSR of 50dB attenuation for frequencies upto 1MHz, and accepts voltage supply in the range of 1.4V to 3.0V. The design utilizes an all MOSFET approach operating in the strong inversion region. The design process selected is the standard 180 nm CMOS process with simulations performed using LTspice.
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Feasibility study of a standalone DC house: energy savings opportunities and capital costs assessment
- Author(s): A. Al-Subhi and I. El-Amin
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(6 pp.)
The advancements in power electronics technology have resulted in the excessive emerging of various DC appliances. This necessitates investigating the feasibility of adopting a complete DC house that combines all such DC appliances in one simple network in order to build a more efficient and energy-saving houses for modern and smart cities. An essential point of view is to compare such DC network with a corresponding conventional AC network as well as hybrid networks in terms of energy consumption and cost analysis. This paper discusses the design, analysis and comparison of different low voltage AC and DC networks. The analysis is presented for a standalone house, in which several distribution schemes are proposed and analyzed. The proposed layouts present preliminary supplying AC appliances by an AC source. On the other hand, another configuration discusses designing a complete DC network consisting of DC sources and loads. In addition, hybrid systems are also proposed in which combinations of different AC and DC sources and loads are incorporated into the same network. The proposed configurations are studied and evaluated in terms of several points of view including energy consumption, systems sizing, required components and capital costs assessment. Different test scenarios are carried out for all proposed architectures and all findings and conclusions are analyzed extensively in this paper.
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A General Methodology Made Cleaned PV Energy Panels for Bahrain and UK
- Author(s): I.S. Qamber and M.Y. AL-Hamad
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(4 pp.)
The GCC countries has a good location for the solar energy with high intensity of the solar radiation. This means that renewable energy provides many benefits for our climate, health and our economy. Photovoltaic PV becomes the new competitive energy resources of the planet and it can be engaged in both Distribution and Transmission systems. In the present study, considering design of solar cell for both Kingdom of Bahrain and United Kingdom (UK) with the same specification. The Panel Generation Factor (PGF) considered satisfying the specification of the cells, which depends on the climate. For both Kingdom of Bahrain and UK the total (kWp) of PV panel capacity, number of PV panels needed for design of 110 Wp PV module and Solar Charge Controller Rating are calculated based on PGF of each country.
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Renewable Energy Using Integrated Solid Waste Management System for Smart Cities
- Author(s): S.R. Jagadeshi ; L.L.R. Rodrigues ; K.V. Sriram
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(6 pp.)
Technological advancement, economic growth and urbanisation has resulted in an exponential rise of waste materials causing serious threat to health and safety of citizens around the world. It is in this context Integrated Solid Waste Management system, a holistic approach of combination of scientific methods and techniques to convert Waste-to-Energy is gaining importance in designing smart cities as eco-friendly cities. This article provides an overview of Integrated Solid Waste Management system, its benefits on environment and challenges in making smart cities as cleaner, greener and leaner. A perspective of Integrated Solid Waste Management system of select cities across the globe is considered as case studies to incorporate the best practices. A state-of-the-art approach of Integrated Solid Waste Management system is discussed by presenting a model to treat wastes as a renewable source of energy.
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Design and Implementation of Energy Management Systems for Bahrain Smart Cities
- Author(s): A.M. Said ; N.O.A. Aziz ; W.M. El-Medany ; A. Abu Hassan
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(5 pp.)
Consumer electronic device control is one of the key challenges in smart cities development. This paper introduces the design and hardware implementation of smart energy management systems to be applied for Bahrain smart cities development. The system is capable of monitoring the energy consumed by the appliances, and accordingly limits the overall consumption not to exceed a certain stated threshold. Therefore, the user gets foreknowledge of their own energy consumption before getting the official electricity bill. The design implementation based on using Arduino UNO micro-controller, and ACS712 current sensor which measures the alternating current (AC) drawn by an appliance, and XBee transceiver which provides wireless communication with the coordinator node. The design was tested on real testbed, as the results showed that the power consumption drop down reached about 20%.
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Automated Smart Solar Irrigation System
- Author(s): A. Zaher ; H. Hamwi ; A. Almas ; S. Al-Baitamouni ; M. Al-Bathal
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(6 pp.)
This paper introduces an Automated Smart Solar Irrigation System (ASSIS) that avoids the disadvantages and limitations of existing traditional irrigation systems, mainly nonuniform distribution of water to all crops and consuming unnecessary amounts of water and electricity. The ASSIS is designed to be both water and electricity efficient, while being powered by solar panels to make it eco-friendly. In addition, it can be implemented either on large or small scales. A distributed network of sensors is used to detect the moisture content of the soil. These sensors are connected, wirelessly, to a control unit that is responsible for both controlling and monitoring the whole irrigation process, while performing other alarming and data display/logging intelligent functions. Depending on weather conditions, a decision will be made regarding the need to irrigate the soil. A water pump is used to store water in an elevated tank, for which the level and the quality of the water are continuously monitored. The stored potential energy of the water is released, on demand basis, for irrigation, using a drip tape that will slowly and efficiently distribute water to all crops, ensuring cost-effectiveness and the minimum usage of energy. Fertilization is also incorporated into the suggested ASSIS, via performing timely injection of dissolved and/or liquid nutrition into the irrigation pipes. Faults in the power supply and the irrigation system are carefully monitored and an alarm is issued, whenever an emergency arises. Both the temperature and the pH of the soil are continuously monitored to promote the effectiveness of the ASSIS. Moreover, users can remotely control the proposed ASSIS via their laptops and/or smart phones, in addition to receiving notifications in the form of SMS or e-mails. Finally, a conclusion is given to highlight the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed system, while addressing possible future extensions to it.
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Bahrain Intelligent Street LightingA Study to Retrofit Bahrain Street Lighting
- Author(s): M.M.M. Al-Khalidy ; N.-E. Mansour ; J.B. Hesham
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(6 pp.)
Currently most of the street lighting systems in Bahrain use nondimmable High-Pressure Sodium lamps (HPS) along with an on/off control system. This system is not cost-effective, may lead to unnecessary energy use in some regions, and lowers the life spans of lamps. Considering the above problems, it has become increasingly important to develop a system that is more efficient and cost-effective. In recent years, with the advanced technology of high-quality energy-saving LED lamps at lower cost, led to great interest worldwide in using LEDs in street lighting. The merits of the LEDs are their dimming capability, which allows adding an intelligent system for monitoring and controlling their lighting level and energy consumption. In this study, a retrofitting strategy to convert current Bahrain street lighting system into a smart system is proposed. The smart street lighting system will incorporate dimmable Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) streetlights, motion sensors, light sensors, and microcontroller. The aim of this work is to illustrate an evaluation and analysis of the current and proposed lighting systems in terms cost, energy consumption, lifespan, maintenance, efficiency, etc. The proposed system is implemented and evaluated on a locally built prototype of a selected highway in Bahrain and the results were successful. These results support a possible large-scale implementation of the proposal. Finally, design a mobile application to make the posts (poles) interactive with mobile phones, smart cars, and the smart transportation system. This will give the mobile holder a facility of interaction with the localization in the street and it will be useful especially for the people with disability. The novelty of the proposal is not only making the posts has an intelligent dynamic lighting system, but also it will have the ability to interact with different applications like mobile phones, smart cars, and smart transportation.
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Artificial Intelligence Enabled IoT: Traffic Congestion Reduction in Smart Cities
- Author(s): S. Soomro ; M.H. Miraz ; A. Prasanth ; M. Abdullah
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(6 pp.)
The world has now entered in a new era of Computing, blessed with many prominent technologies including Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT). In an IoT world, sensor enabled objects (things) are connected together via the Internet to participate in performing a particular task mainly by sending and receiving data from one to other. Artificial intelligence empowers agents (machines or devices) to perceive the surrounding environments leading to take calculative decisions, followed by performing efficient actions in order to maximizing the chances of successfully accomplishing a desired task or goal. In this research, we combine both IoT and AI to reduce traffic congestions in a smart city environment. A detailed literature review has been conducted and a simple solution based on AI Algorithm has been proposed. Future directions of the research has also been identified and advocated.
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Traffic Signs Identification by Deep Learning for Autonomous Driving
- Author(s): W. Farag and Z. Saleh
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(6 pp.)
In this paper, we have proposed and developed a comprehensive Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier “WAF-LeNet” to be used in traffic signs recognition and identification that empowers the autonomous driving technologies. The implemented CNN architecture is a deep fifteen-layer network that has been selected after extensive trials. The CNN got trained using Adam's optimization algorithm based on the scholastic gradient descent technique. The learning process is carried out using the well-known “German Traffic Sign Dataset”. The data has been partitioned into training, validation and testing data sets. Additionally, more random traffic signs images are collected from the web and further used to test the robustness of the proposed CNN classifier. The paper goes through the development process in details and shows the image processing pipeline harnessed in the development. The proposed approach proved successful in identifying correctly 96.5% of the testing data set and 100% of the robustness data set.
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Traffic Microsimulation Model for Bahrain: A Step Towards Smart Traffic System
- Author(s): U. Gazder ; M. Hamid ; M. Yazan
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(5 pp.)
Traffic simulation programs are frequently used worldwide as a tool for analyzing transportation problems with minimum cost. The calibration of a simulation model is the main step for obtaining any representative results from the analysis. It is also an essential step towards obtaining smart solutions for traffic issues in the modern world. It can be used to test and verify the viability of innovative solutions for traffic congestions, accidents and many other related problems. Therefore, main objective of this study was to calibrate a microscopic simulation model using PTV VISSIM for Bahrain. Afterwards, a validation process was performed by comparing the simulation results with the real traffic data. The study location was in Avenue 27, Saar, Kingdom of Bahrain. Two, out of several intersections on this road, were examined in this study. A dynamic simulation was performed on avenue 27 using VISSIM software. Default values from VISSIM were tested for accuracy in terms of replicating real field data including; average travel time and average travel speed. The results with these values showed no significant discrepancy between the model simulation and the field observed values. Simulation model was used to calculate level of service for the study site at present as well as in future. It was found that both intersections were at level of service A, which indicates excellent quality of performance, presently as well as in future. Hence, modifications such as introducing a signal are not required soon.
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Toward Smart Logistics: A New Algorithm for a Multi-Objective 3D Bin Packing Problem
- Author(s): J. Kaabi ; Y. Harrath ; H.E. Bououdina ; A.T. Qasim
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(5 pp.)
The most important logistics requirements are the reception of the product on time, in the right place and in the best condition. These requirements may be satisfied by implementing a smart logistic process. One important problem that is faced in that process is the bin packing problem. The bin packing is an NP-hard problem which focuses on optimizing the number of bins for a set of items with varying volumes and/or weights. Bin packing problem is used in many applications such as job scheduling, shipping items and placing data on multiple disks. Although many algorithms have been developed to solve the bin-packing problem, some drawbacks have remained unsolved like efficiency of the algorithm vs. optimal number of bins. In this research, we propose a multi-objective 3D bin packing algorithm that focuses on optimizing the number of bins as well as balancing the weight inside each bin. The proposed algorithm was implemented and tested with data gathered from FedEx. The computational results showed that the algorithm is efficient for a small number of problems and runs very fast for up to around 25000 items. The algorithm also balances the weights between the bins almost perfectly.
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Electricity Generating and Monitoring System using IoT
- Author(s): R. Singh ; V. Deep ; D. Mehrotra
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(6 pp.)
Due to the increase in population, there is a drastic increase in demand for electricity. This paper proposes a model for electricity generation which can be utilized both by urban and rural area people. As there are still many rural areas in India which do not have direct access to electricity so this proposal can help them to a great extent to generate electricity at their homes and utilize it when so ever they feel. In urban cities it can be used to reduce the consumption of electricity required for small tasks and a bigger model can be used to take control of heavy electricity consumption tasks. In this study, we proposed a model which uses the technology of IoT(Internet of Things) and robotics mechanism to develop a smart electricity generation bot.
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Impact of IoT Device Saturation on Home WiFi Networks
- Author(s): D. Kauling ; M. AlTaeit ; Q.H. Mahmoud
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(4 pp.)
The number of smart home devices and their applications are increasing with little regard to the maximum capacity of the networks which are supposed to host such devices. We explore how well various consumer-grade routers perform when a multitude of IoT devices are connected and several video streams are active at once. Evaluation results demonstrate entry-level routers are not capable of handling the workload produced by IoT devices. Routers that support Multi-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology, and multiband routers are recommended to compensate for these devices.
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IoT School Bus: Children Safety
- Author(s): M.S. Zaki ; K.H. Alhussein ; A.H. Aalquraini ; M.W. Raad
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(6 pp.)
With the rising statistics of traffic accidents and child abduction, there is a need for a robust system that enables constant tracking for millions of children on their way commuting from and to schools. With emerging of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, in addition to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), developing such system becomes feasible. This system provides complete visibility children tracking. In this paper, we propose a complete low cost design and implementation of an IoT-based system that allows schools, parents and authority to track the movement of the children during their presence in the school bus, which guarantees comfort for parents and safety for children. The system is based on, a low cost Nano RFID reader and a GPRS module both interfaced with Arduino microcontroller. The Nano RFID reader is used as an interface for providing the reader with a mean to access the internet over 3G/4G network. We build Mysql database and deploy it on Heroku's cloud platform, which makes building applications and deploying them fast, secure, easy and scalable. We also develop a Java GUI; with secure login grant admin access, for a complete visibility and control over the system users on internet. The system is tested successfully on field using one of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) school buses.
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An automated greenhouse system using agricultural internet of things for better crop yield
- Author(s): T.C.J. Jeaunita ; V. Sarasvathi ; M.S. Harsha ; B.M. Bhavani ; T. Kavyashree
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(6 pp.)
Greenhouse deployment of farms gives hope for the farmers on higher crop yield, through lowering risks against pests, insects and adverse climatic conditions. Automation of greenhouse benefits the farmers in various ways by detection of soil and water quality and automatic irrigation. Involving scientific process in this automation boosts the benefits on agricultural activities. The current status of the greenhouse can be collected and sent to the cloud infrastructure for further decision making. This paper deals with the design and implementation of a model for IoT based agricultural greenhouse system for better crop yield. The system uses light-weight MQTT protocol for device to device communication. This paper aims to leverage an IoT based agriculture system in a greenhouse and hence achieve the goal of reduced human intervention by automatically detecting and controlling various climatic factors such as soil moisture, air humidity and light intensity to automatically monitor the irrigation, aeration and lighting facilities of the greenhouse.
