19th Italian National Conference on Photonic Technologies (Fotonica 2017)
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- Location: Padua, Italy
- Conference date: 3-5 May 2017
- ISBN: 978-1-78561-757-7
- Conference number: CP735
- The following topics are dealt with: optical devices; optical fibre networks; biomedical optical imaging; optical sensors; lasers; nanosensors; fibre optic sensors; spectroscopy; optical microscopy.
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- Author(s): M. Casalino
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In this work the design of a graphene/silicon Schottky photodetector operating at 1550 nm, is reported. The device is a Schottky diode incorporated into an optical microcavity able to greatly enhance the graphene absorption. In order to quantify the performance of the photodetector, graphene absorbance, quantum efficiency and responsivity are numerically calculated. In a properly designed device, a maximum graphene absorbance, efficiency and responsivity of 44%, 15.1% and 0.19 A/W, are respectively obtained. Our work paves the way to the realization of high-performance silicon compatible photodetectors to be employed in Si photonics. - Author(s): G. Ruffato ; M. Massari ; E. Gazzola ; G. Parisi ; F. Romanato
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We present the design, fabrication and optical characterization of miniaturized phase-only diffractive optical elements (DOE) for the (de)multiplexing of optical beams carrying orbital angular momentum of light (OAM). These optical elements have been engineered for integration into next-generation OAM-based optical platforms for mode-division multiplexing (MDM) either for free-space or optical fiber propagation. The sorting technique is based on transformation optics: a log-pol transformation determines the final spot position of OAM modes, which shifts proportionally to the carried OAM value. Samples have been fabricated with high-resolution electron-beam lithography on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resist layer spun over a glass substrate. An optical link has been assembled for preliminary (de)multiplexing optical tests in commercial optical fibers. The optical characterization has been performed in terms of channel efficiency (>85 %) and interchannel cross-talk (<-12 dB). - Author(s): C.H. Krishna and S. Roy
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The optical phase singularities in higher order linearly polarized LP02 mode of a few mode optical fiber are investigated. The LP02 mode is selectively excited by controlling launching conditions of light into the core of few mode optical fiber. The fiber output is made to interfere with reference Gaussian beam to form interferograms. A couple of fork like structures were observed in the interferograms which signifies the presence of phase singularity in the excited LP02 mode. The net topological charge of the modal field of LP02 mode is observed to be zero as a consequence of two oppositely charged forks. - Author(s): M. Quagliotti ; A. Pagano ; D. Roccato ; V. Katopodis ; M. Spyropoulou ; A. Beretta ; A. Dedè ; A. Vannucci ; C. Kouloumentas ; H. Avramopoulos
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Hybrid modules technology using a passive polymeric substrate and InP and InP/InGaAs active components is shown to be competitive in terms of performance, power consumption and applicability in metro and data center interconnection networks. - Author(s): C. Toscano ; A. Paparella ; A. Morea ; M. Tornatore
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The cost of translucent optical networks is mainly associated to the deployed optoelectronic devices, some of them used for traffic insertion, others (3R devices) for coping with optical layer transmission constraints (regeneration and wavelength conversion). When designing a network with a required traffic resiliency, operators want to reduce the overall number (hence the cost) associated to optoelectronic devices at the optical layer without incurring in traffic blocking. In generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS)-based optical networks the computation and set-up of alternative paths after fiber failures (restoration) ensure traffic survivability. In such networks 3Rs can be either associated to a specific nominal path (nominal-3Rs) or shared among several restoration paths (restoration-3Rs). An effective computation of restoration paths allows to maximize restoration-3Rs sharing, hence to minimize the network cost. In this work, we focused on the path computation of restoration paths to improve restoration3Rs sharing. To this aim, we propose an adaptive alternative routing algorithm which is aware of the already deployed restoration-3Rs and favors the computation of alternative restoration paths able to reuse already installed 3Rs. The advantages of the proposed method are estimated by comparing the number of restoration-3Rs with respect to another method available in the literature. - Author(s): A. Ferrari ; M. Cantono ; V. Curri
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We show how Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques can provide substantial network benefits in translucent optical networks. Given a DSP technique delivering a reduction in required OSNR, we check how many opto-electro-optic (OEO) regenerators can be removed from the topology by selectively upgrade transceivers. We study two topologies: a PanEuropean and a USNET network. Results show that, in the Pan-European network, with a reduction in requested OSNR of 1.5 dB, it is possible to remove 43% of the OEOs at the cost of improving 478 pairs of transmitters and receivers out of a total number of 1864 required before the upgrade. In the USNET network, instead, a gain of 0.9 dB makes the network fully transparent by upgrading 29 transmitters and receivers out of a total number of 581 required before the upgrade. Then, we consider the use of digital back propagation (DBP) and probabilistic shaping (PS), which are capable to provide a gain of 0.6 dB and 0.7 dB respectively. Outcomes show that, on the Pan-European network, we can remove 22% of the OEOs, improving about 240 transmitter-receiver pairs. On the USNET network, those DSP techniques can remove about 80% of the OEOs by upgrading on 23-24 transmitters and receivers. - Author(s): E. Petronijevic ; G. Leahu ; A. Belardini ; M. Centini ; R.L. Voti ; T. Hakkarainen ; E. Koivusalo ; M.R. Piton ; S. Soumalainen ; M. Guina ; F.A. Bovino ; C. Sibilia
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In this work we report on the resonant absorption properties of GaAs-based nanowires, and on the chiral response when such nanowires are asymmetrically covered by gold. We use photo-acoustic spectroscopy which is a scattering-free, stable and highly sensitive technique that directly measures the absorption of the nanowire ensembles. Highly uniform samples were fabricated by lithography-free process of selfcatalyzed growth on Si substrates. We report on the experimental resonant absorption in the range (300÷1100) nm, which is in great agreement with simulations. We then measure the circular dichroism at 532nm, and discuss on the formation of near chiral fields for enhanced enantioselectivity applications. - Author(s): F. Matera and E. Nastri
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We analyze the impact of the novel Content Centric Network proposal on the implementation of WDM architectures, assuming a cost evaluation based on network energy consumption and using a Routing and Wavelength Assignment approach that takes into account all the fiber transmission characteristics, considering different modulation-detection formats. Content Centric Network design is compared with standard IP infrastructures also based on Content Delivery Networks (CDN). - Author(s): F. Matera ; V. Attanasio ; L. Salamandra ; S. Di Bartolo ; P. Susanna ; A. Pizzoleo ; E. Nastri ; E. Manca
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In this work we show some experimental approaches regarding slicing procedures in a wide geographical network test bed. We show how traffic forwarding based on VPLS and PBB-TE techniques allows us to achieve different logical network partitions with suitable characteristics in terms of latency and throughput for services to be used in future 5G networks. - Author(s): P. Torres-Ferrera ; S. Straullu ; S. Abrate ; A. Vinci ; R. Gaudino
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In this work, a novel point-to-multipoint fronthauling architecture based on the use of a Multi-Output Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier (MO-EDFA), to deliver several digital signal processing (DSP) aggregated analogue radio waveforms, is proposed and experimentally analysed. The transmission of 4×192 20 MHz radio waveforms, according to the DSP-aggregated fronthauling (DSP-AF) Frequency Division Multiplexed (FDM) architecture originally proposed in [1]. Using the MO-EDFA, we are able to feed up to 24 remote radio head (RRH) units, experimentally demonstrating successful transmission over a link with up to 25 dB of optical path losses, including 37 km of single mode fibre. - Author(s): M. Quagliotti ; D.C. Arango ; M. Schiano ; A. Carena ; M. Cantono ; V. Curri
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A wide overview of metrics to evaluate the spectrum fragmentation is presented together with their application for Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs). A basic heuristic spectrum allocation algorithm conceived for keeping the fragmentation index low during the connection allocation process has been defined. Starting from the application of such algorithm on a single link, the analysis has been extended to encompass sample networks and a real size case study. It has been found that, in both contexts of dynamic traffic and semi-static incremental network loading, good heuristics based on simple and low computational demanding allocation policy (e.g., First Fit), perform very close, in terms of average traffic loss, to methods which use more complex algorithms based on fragmentation metrics. However some of the applied metrics result still beneficial as they obtain an equalization of the connection blocking rates between the various types of multi granular traffic and the probability of blocking of high spectrum demanding superchannels results considerably reduced. - Author(s): G. Arévalo and R. Gaudino
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In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for optimally dimension protected-PON deployments in very large urban regions with users in the order of hundreds of thousands with different bit rate demands. Results obtained show that when comparing different PON technologies sweeping a set of three bit rate demand scenarios: a today, a mid-term and a long-term scenario, the percentage of increase in the costs for protected PON, in comparison with a no protection solution, increase exponentially for GPON and XGPON (with much greater increase rate for the former in comparison to the latter) and keeps almost constant for NG-PON2. - Author(s): E. Petronijevic ; G. Leahu ; V. Di Meo ; A. Crescitelli ; P. Dardano ; G. Coppola ; E. Esposito ; I. Rendina ; M. Miritello ; M.G. Grimaldi ; C. Sibilia
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In this work, we propose the hybridization of all-dielectric metasurfaces based on Si nanoresonators with thin layers of phase change materials (PCM). The concept of all-dielectric metasurfaces is important when one needs to avoid inherent ohmic losses in metal-based nanostructures, e.g. for high Qfactor and figure of merit (FOM). Si nanoresonators can possess electric and magnetic resonances while having low losses in the desired range. On the other hand, chalcogenide PCM have at least two phases with different optical properties, stable at room temperature; switching between these two phases can be reversibly done by a visible laser. If a thin PCM layer is put in contact with Si nanoresonator, its phase-change will change the dielectric environment of the nanoresonator, thus changing the overall resonant response. We numerically investigate the all-optical switching in telecom range of the metasurface based on nanorods and square-like nanorings, namely “bright” and “dark” nanoresonators, respectively. We then experimentally report on the PCM switching metasurface based on nanorods, i.e. “bright” resonators. We strongly believe that this research could lead to new perspectives in all-optical, all-dielectric nanophotonics. - Author(s): A. Palmieri ; M. Vallone ; M. Calciati ; F. Bertazzi ; M. Goano ; G. Ghione
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Germanium is living a renaissance in the field of silicon photonics, where it is used as absorption element in waveguide photodetectors. Since a moderate reverse bias is enough to deplete the Ge absorber, pushing the carriers in the velocity saturation regime, we discuss here the main challenges involved in the three-dimensional electrooptical modeling of Ge-on-Si p-i-n detectors taking into account high-electric-field velocity saturation effects. - Author(s): M. Simonetta ; L. Carraro ; G. Benetti ; A. Tramonte ; T. Facchinetti ; G. Giuliani
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A high-speed optical wireless system for long distance communication is presented. It is able to transmit at high data rate (Gb/s) over distances ranging from a few to hundreds meters without facing eyes safety restrictions and avoiding limitations that may arise from fog, dust and other microparticles scattering and from fog attenuation. The system was designed within the framework of the LUMENTILE H2020 EU project, in order to realize the video signal distribution in the high data-rate application.
Design of a Silicon-Graphene Schottky Photodetecor Integrated with an Optical Cavity At 1550 Nm
Diffractive optics for OAM-mode division multiplexing in optical fibers
Singularities in higher order modes of optical fiber
Power and cost savings in metro and data center networks using optical transceivers based on a polymeric substrate
A novel adaptive restoration algorithm for cost minimization of translucent optical networks
Networking Benefits of Advanced DSP Techniques
“Extrinsic optical chirality” and resonant absorption in GaAs-based nanowires investigated by photo-acoustic spectroscopy
Optical network design in content centric network scenario
Optical network slicing approaches with carrier ethernet tests
Up to 4 × 192 LTE-A radio waveforms transmission in a point to multipoint architecture for massive fronthauling solutions
Spectrum fragmentation metrics and their use in optical channel allocation algorithms
Street-aware Algorithm for Optimal dimensioning of protected-PON in very large regions
EIT-like all-dielectric metamaterials with phase changing layers for all-optical switching applications
Effect of Saturation Velocity in Germanium p-i-n Photodetectors
Low-cost optical wireless communication system for video signal distribution in the LUMENTILE™ project
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- Author(s): F. Bonfigli ; D. Hampai ; S.B. Dabagov ; R.M. Montereali
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We report the use of lithium fluoride fluorescent radiation imaging crystal detectors, read by an optical confocal laser microscope, to register the transmitted X-ray beams by polycapillary optics combined with a table-top Xray source. Polycapillary optics can control X-ray beams propagation and allows obtaining quasi-parallel beam (halflens) or focused beams (full-lens). Confocal laser fluorescence microscopy of X-ray irradiated LiF crystal detectors based on the photoluminescence of X-ray induced colour centres enables advanced characterization of these complex optics. Two-dimensional (2D) high spatial resolution images of X-rays transmitted through either a semi-lens or a full-lens were obtained. Moreover, the photoluminescent colour center volumes produced by X-rays in LiF crystals in a single exposure process have been used to provide threedimensional (3D) information about transmitted X-ray beams. The use of LiF crystal plates as X-ray imaging luminescent detectors represent a versatile and promising tool to characterize the operation of polycapillary optics. - Author(s): M. Massari ; G. Ruffato ; M. Gintoli ; F. Romanato
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Orbital angular momentum (OAM) states of light have been recently considered for disruptive applications in a wide range of fields, from biology to microscopy, holography and telecommunications. Here, the work of design, fabrication and characterization of spiral phase plates for the generation of OAM-carrying beams, security holograms for anti-counterfeiting applications and diffractive optical elements for OAM-mode multiplexing and sorting applications is presented. A proximity effect correction assisted ultra-fine process for the realization of high-quality optical elements has been developed by means of 3D high-resolution electron beam lithography. The possibility to replicate the fabricated optics with fast mass-production techniques makes these optical elements eligible for high-throughput and low-cost realization processes. - Author(s): M.C. Falconi ; D. Laneve ; Yuchen Wang ; T.T. Fernandez ; G. Galzerano ; F. Prudenzano
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A medium infrared solid-state laser, based on ZBLAN fibre doped with trivalent dysprosium ions, emitting at the wavelength λ = 3 μm is designed. Single mode laser emission is obtained through in-band pumping at λ = 2.8 μm. In order to accurately investigate the feasibility and the performance of the device, the rate equation approach is exploited and realistic parameters for the fibre and the rare earth are considered. A maximum slope efficiency of about ns = 54% and a threshold power Pth in the 150-250 mW range are predicted. - Author(s): D. Laneve ; M.C. Falconi ; G. Palma ; F. Chiavaioli ; G.N. Conti ; G.C. Righini ; C. Trono ; F. Prudenzano
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The coupled mode theory is exploited for developing a complete model for the design of microsphere and microbubble sensing set-ups. The home-made computer code is validated via the comparison of the numerical results with the experiment. It can be used to design and refine novel set-ups for sensing such as to predict the sensing characteristics at different wavelengths and for different chemical/biological contaminants. - Author(s): L. Carraro ; M. Simonetta ; G. Benetti ; A. Tramonte ; G. Capelli ; M. Benedetti ; E.M. Randone ; A. Ylisaukko-Oja ; K. Keränen ; T. Facchinetti ; G. Giuliani
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LUMENTILE™ (LUMinous ElectroNic TILE) is an EU funded project within the Horizon 2020 program. The goal of LUMENTILE™ is the development of a new product (called, in itself, "LUMENTILE™") to be brought to the market by year 2019: a luminous tile with novel functionalities, capable of changing its colour and interact with the user. Applications include interior/exterior tile for walls and floors covering, high-efficiency luminaries, and shows/advertising under the form of giant video screens. The integration of electronics and photonics technology inside a structure like the one proposed in LUMENTILE™ and their interaction with ceramic, represent the biggest challenge in the project. In this paper we will offer an overview of all the involved electro-optical elements, presenting the challenges and the design solutions to overcome them.
Lif imaging detectors read by confocal laser microscope for characterization of x-ray beam coupled with polycapillary optics
3D EBL fabrication of high-quality spiral phase plates and diffractive optical elements
Modelling of dysprosium-doped ZBLAN fiber laser
Microspheres and microbubbles for chemical and biomedicine optical sensing
Lighting system with high power LEDs, light management structure, and large-area electronics in the LUMENTILE™ European Project
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- Author(s): A. De Lucia ; I. Rea ; R. Moretta ; M. Terracciano ; J. Spadavecchia ; G. Fiorentino ; C. Forestiere ; L. De Stefano
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In this paper, we combine experimental measurements and numerical techniques to investigate the electromagnetic scattering of a solution of hybrid polyethylene glycol-gold (PEG-Au NPs) nanoparticles before and after bio-conjugation with an enzyme, the Arsenate reductase, in brief ArsC. In particular, we unveil the origin of the broadening of the measured absorption spectrum induced by the interaction of the PEG-Au NPs with the enzyme by using multiparticle Mie theory. We numerically investigated the effect of the near field interaction between particles, and thus we attributed the broadening to the scattering from multiple Au clusters with different inter-particles separation. This conclusion is also supported by TEM image of PEG-AuNPs after ArsC adsorption. - Author(s): R. Moretta ; M. Terracciano ; I. Rea ; M. Casalino ; P. Dardano ; L. De Stefano
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Rapid detection of target bacteria is crucial issue in many areas of social interest to prevent harmful contamination for humans and the environment. Porous silicon (PSi), due to its peculiar physicochemical characteristics and well-defined optical properties, was used to fabricated a label-free PSi biosensor for bacteria detection by surface hydrosilylation and bioconjugation with Protein A. - Author(s): R. Moretta ; M. Terracciano ; I. Rea ; T. Defforge ; S. Vijayakumar ; G. Gautier ; L. De Stefano
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Porous silicon derived nanoparticles with high brilliance and stability are surface modified by a simple hydrosilylation procedure. The resulting chemically passivated nano-powder is still photoluminescent and could be properly functionalized with bioprobes for combined biological in vivo and in vitro experiments, such as imaging applications together with drug delivery. - Author(s): I. Giglio ; G. Coppola ; M. Casalino
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In this paper, the design of a graphene/silicon photodetector working at both 2 μm and room temperature is reported. The device is a Schottky diode and the absorption mechanism is based on the internal photoemission effect. In order to quantify the performance of the photodetector, quantum efficiency, dark current density and efficiency-dark current density ratio, are numerically calculated. Performance comparison of our proposed device with typical Schottky photodetectors based on metals, is reported. Graphene/silicon devices show a promising efficiency of 23.66% at 2 micron, a dark current density of only 0.81 nA/μm2 and a quantum efficiency-dark current density ratio of about 2.93 cm2/A. This photodetector can find applications in trace-gas detection, medical sensing, environmental monitoring industrial process control. - Author(s): M. Gintoli ; A. Filippi ; M. Carli ; V. Scattolini ; C.D. Ciubotaru ; C. Nardin ; A. Leparulo ; N. Kaludercic ; A. Avogaro ; G.P. Fadini ; M. Bortolozzi ; F. Mammano ; F. Romanato
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Two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy [1] has proven to be an excellent technique for in vivo fluorescence imaging of deep structures and tissues due to low absorption and scattering of infrared light. The combination of two laser beams introduces the possibility of further imaging capabilities, such as simultaneous excitation of three fluorophores (multiphoton-multicolor [2]) and sub-diffraction resolution of cellular structures (STimulated Emission Depletion, STED [3,4,5,6,7]). Here we present a cost-effective solution that combines both techniques by use of a homemade optical bench equipped with a pulsed laser split in two beams by an Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO). Preliminary experiments were successfully performed with the multiphoton-multicolor technique, setting proper conditions to perform experiments for the study of neutrophil mobilization in skull bone marrow of diabetic mice. In the STED configuration, we successfully tested the fluorescence depletion effect and the optical generation of a doughnut-shaped point-spread-function by the depletion laser, both conditions required to obtain super-resolution. A preliminary super-resolution performance was obtained by visualizing the outer mitochondrial membrane stained with Alexa 647 dye. - Author(s): G. Rigamonti ; F. Carpignano ; G. Mazzini ; S. Merlo
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We demonstrate the use of near infra-red low-coherence reflectometry combined with low-cost, rectangular glass micro-capillaries for label-free refractive index sensing of non-homogenous fluids. To test the capability of the proposed method to investigate highly diffusing media, we estimate the average refractive index (RI) of whole milk and Red Blood Cells (RBC) inserted in rectangular glass capillaries with channel depth equal to 100 μm and 50 μm, respectively. Then, as an example of interest, we estimate the RI of hematological and epithelial cells in normal and malignant condition gently confined in capillaries with channel depth and walls thickness equal to 50 μm. The non-contact, remote optical readout was performed by means of a tungsten lamp emitting in the near infrared, thus with minimum invasiveness for biological tissues. - Author(s): A. De Maria ; V. La Ferrara ; G. Rametta ; L.V. Mercaldo ; E. Bobeico ; A. Bruno ; F. Matteocci ; A. Di Carlo ; P.D. Veneri
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The influence of environment during device fabrication and measurement conditions are critical issues to realize efficient perovskite solar cells on large scale and push the industrial development. In this work un-encapsulated methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells were fabricated and characterized in different relative humidity environment and the effect on the performance metrics of voltage pre-bias and scan rate were analyzed. The value of short-circuit current density estimated from characteristic curves and calculated from external quantum efficiency spectra are compared. A preliminary measurement procedure was proposed. The best solar cells were obtained by fabricating the devices at 40% relative humidity and changing the dopants of hole transport material reaching 12.6% of power conversion efficiency. - Author(s): E. Ferocino ; E. Martinenghi ; A. Dalla Mora ; A. Pifferi ; R. Cubeddu ; P. Taroni
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An 8-channel Silicon Photomultiplier probe and a Time-toDigital Converter are used to build a higher-throughput, cheaper and compact detection chain for time-resolved optical mammography as compared with conventional PhotoMultiplier Tubes and Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting boards, still providing comparable performance in the estimation of optical properties, but with higher optical responsivity. - Author(s): S.K.V. Sekar ; S. Mosca ; A. Farina ; F. Martelli ; P. Taroni ; G. Valentini ; R. Cubbedu ; A. Pifferi
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A novel technique - Frequency Offset Raman Spectroscopy (FORS) - for probing in-depth diffusive media is presented. The method relies on spectral changes in the optical properties of the investigated diffusive medium to provide different depth sensitivities at different Raman excitation wavelengths. A broadband Raman instrumentation was developed for this purpose. The technique was demonstrated experimentally on a two-layered tissue mimicking phantom. Similarities and complementarities as compared to Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) are discussed. - Author(s): F. Micheletti ; F. Rossi ; S. Condino ; V. Ferrari ; R. Piazza ; R. Pini ; M. Ferrari
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Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysms repair (EVAR) is a technique which involves the minimally invasive implantation of a stent-graft within the aorta to exclude the aneurysm from the circulation, preventing its rupture. The feasibility of such operation is highly dependent on the aorta morphology and in general the presence of the visceral arteries (e.g. the renal arteries) emerging from the aneurysm is the absolute limit for the implantation of a standard stentgraft. Hence, classical intervention method involves the implantation of a custom-made graft with fenestrations, leading to the use of expensive prosthesys and a very complicated surgery with high risks for the patient. More recent techniques introduced the use of standard grafts (i.e. without fenestrations) realizing a mechanical in-situ fenestration, but this procedure is limited principally by the brittleness and low stability of the environment. Also the difficult of guidance of the endovascular tools due to the temporarily block of blood flow towards the kidneys is a big limitation. In this work an innovative EVAR procedure is proposed, which involves the in-situ fenestration of a standard stentgraft with a fiber guided laser tool, controlled via an electromagnetic navigation system. Such a tool allows the surgeon to bring the laser directly inside to a previously released standard prosthesys using an endovascular instrument and there to selectively perforate its fabric avoiding damages to the aorta wall. The proper fenestration site can be addressed with the support of the navigation system, which tracks the tip of the fiber displaying it in a 3D model of the patient anatomy. The realization of the endovascular laser tool is presented, togheter with preliminary fenestration tests on graft-materials, including the effect of blood and tissues presence, and on the reliability of the electromagnetic sensors used to track the laser tool. - Author(s): I. Cacciari ; D. Ciofini ; S. Siano
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Deconvolution based on Fourier transform is routinely used in a variety of numerical processing: one of these is the removal of noise from signals (f.i. image blurring), echoes in longdistance telephone communications, the finite bandwidth of electronics and analog sensors, etc.. Here, such an approach has been exploited for noise removal from THz reflected signals using the Wiener filter in the frequency domain. The quality of the deconvolution using simulation data set has been investigated then the method was extended to the processing of experimental data. In particular, the thickness of the overpaint layer of a 14th century frame has been determined using the proposed deconvolution and a good agreement with standard microprofilometry was achieved. - Author(s): A. Colombelli ; M.G. Manera ; E. Primiceri ; A. Taurino ; S. Rizzato ; A.G. Monteduro ; G. Maruccio ; R. Rella
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In this work different fabrication methods based on low cost lithographic techniques have been developed in order to create planar distributions of plasmonic nanostructures with tailored optical functionalities. In order to achieve sharp Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) resonances in the visible and IR range, the geometry of the fabricated nanostructures have been optimized through numerical modelling. The optical properties and the sensing capabilities of different metal nanostructures have been investigated, exploring several key parameters for sensitivity enhancement of traditional LSPR biosensors. - Author(s): F. Elsehrawy ; F. Cappelluti ; T. Aho ; T. Niemi ; V. Polojärvi ; M. Guina
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The work presents the design of a diffraction back grating for light-trapping in thin-film GaAs-based quantum dot solar cells. Uni-periodic and bi-periodic gratings made of off-theshelf almost transparent dielectric materials routinely used in photolithography are considered. Gratings are wave-optics simulated by rigorous coupled wave analysis. Optimizing the shape and geometrical aspect ratio of the grating, almost quadrupled photocurrent from quantum dots is demonstrated. - Author(s): A.F. Forlani ; D. Roncati ; M. Mazzotti ; U. Grasselli
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This paper aims at proposing a model that evaluates the compatibility between Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) devices and Airfield Lighting Fixtures (ALFs), which are part of Aeronautical Ground Lighting (AGL) systems. First, the system components, the main parameters which influence their performance and the compatibility issue and advantages are described. Then, a new NVG gain definition and a new theoretical model are introduced, in order to evaluate the compatibility. The gain definition allows this analysis to be performed according to the specific case of AFLs. The model, in considering the system characteristics as well as the environment and operational conditions, demonstrates whether ALFs can be revealed and observed satisfactorily by a military pilot wearing a NVG on the helmet during a landing flight operation on a runway. The model can be applied to various types of NVGs, according to their generation and filter, and also to various types of ALFs, according to power and type of technology (incandescent, LED, infrared). Finally, an example of an operating scenario is analysed and the results discussed.
Optical modelling of hybrid nanoparticles for theranostic applications
Functionalization of macroporous silicon for optical detection of bacteria
Towards Luminescent Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for in Vivo Imaging
Design of an hybrid graphene/silicon photodetector operating at 2 micron
Development of a multiphoton-multicolor and super-resolution STED microscope for in vivo experiments
Low-coherence reflectometry for cell refractive index sensing
Effect of fabrication and measurement conditions on un-encapsulated perovskite solar cells
Novel Approaches to Photon Detection and Timing for 7-Wavelength Time Domain Optical Mammography
Frequency Offset Raman Spectroscopy (FORS) for In-Depth Analysis of Scattering Media
In-Situ laser fenestration of endovascular stent-graft in abdonimal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR)
Deconvolution technique for THZ characterization of painting layers
Low cost lithographic fabrication of tunable plasmonic nanostructures
Back grating optimization for light trapping in thin-film quantum dot solar cells
Compatibility analysis between AGL systems and night vision goggles
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- Author(s): G. Quero ; A. Micco ; M. Pisco ; F. Galeotti ; G. Grisci ; L.V. Mercaldo ; P.D. Veneri ; A. Cutolo ; A. Cusano
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36 (4 .)
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We report on the fabrication and repeatability assessment of patterned substrates onto the optical fibre tip for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications. In the route of "Lab on Fiber" Technology, indeed, we developed a simple an inexpensive self-assembly technique to create ordered and regular nanostructures on the optical fibre tip. The fabrication technique is borrowed from nanosphere lithography and it is adapted to operate on the cleaved end of standard optical fibre tips. This technique has been used to create different nanostructures with completely different morphological features on the fibre tip. The repeatability of the fabricated structures is here analyzed by using Focused Ion Beam Microscopy (FIBM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The morphological analysis allowed to assess the nanospheres pattern regularity by systematically measuring the nanostructures features sizes and the number of defect for unit area. The analyzed samples have been also characterized spectrally to quantify the effective impact of the defect formation on the samples spectral response. Finally, the capability of the samples to act as SERS probes has been verified by detecting low concentrations (1 μM) of Crystal Violet diluted in an aqueous solution. - Author(s): R. Rossi ; G. Ruffato ; M. Massari ; F. Romanato
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37 (4 .)
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In this work, novel computer-generated holograms encoding information for light beams carrying phase singularities have been fabricated and tested. The phase pattern of the holographic Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs) has been designed and implemented for beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) using a numerical code based on an iterative Fourier transform algorithm. The incident light has been shaped into a helicoidal profile using a refractive method based on transmission through spiral phase plates (SPPs). The transmission hologram and the phase mask have been fabricated using the Electron beam Lithography technique. Preliminary experiments and fabricative results confirm the applicability of these computer-generated holograms as high-security optical elements for anti-counterfeiting applications. - Author(s): Y. Muanenda ; C.J. Oton ; S. Faralli ; F. Di Pasquale
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38 (4 .)
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Recently, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) using Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (φ-OTDR) has been widely investigated for its interesting applications in many strategic areas. In this contribution, we discuss some φ-OTDR sensing schemes for distributed perturbation measurement using direct detection. We also propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-speed DAS based on φ-OTDR using a conventional modulation scheme and a simple direct detection receiver. We show that suitable design of the amplification and modulation of pulses reduces coherent and ASE noises detrimental to φ-OTDR sensors, and confirm the effectiveness of the technique with measurements of high-frequency vibrations with minimal post-processing involving no averaging of acquired traces. - Author(s): N. Cennamo ; P. Zuppella ; F. Mattiello ; L. De Maria ; M. Pesavento ; L. Zeni
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39 (3 .)
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The use of SPR sensor devices often requires replaceable parts and disposable chips for easy, fast and on site detection analysis. In this framework, we propose a novel low cost SPR sensor platform, based on a replaceable chip and plastic optical fibers (POFs), for possible selective detection of analytes in aqueous solutions. This new sensor platform allows for the easy replacement of the chip for the production of an engineered platform, by simplifying the measurement procedures, and the remote sensing by POFs. The preliminary experimental results have shown that the performances of this sensor are comparable to those obtained with the SPR-POF sensors realized by the authors. - Author(s): M. Rippa ; R. Castagna ; M. Pannico ; P. Musto ; J. Zyss ; L. Petti
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40 (4 .)
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The unique optical properties of arrays of metallic nanoparticles are of great interest for a range of applications including optical data storage, sensing, optoelectronic devices or as platforms to improve on the detection limit in spectroscopic measurements. This work presents for the first time a study of nanocavities-shaped supra(meta)molecular arrangements of metamolecular units, designed and fabricated using electron beam lithography, with strong plasmonic performances. Such novel designed structures are compelling candidates for the development of highly sensitive label-free biosensors due to their unique surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) and SPR enabled Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). - Author(s): E. Golinelli ; G.M. Ogliari ; U. Perini ; G. Pirovano ; R. Bratovich ; A. Barberis
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41 (4 .)
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The availability of instruments that can provide real time information on the integrity of High Voltage line insulators can allow to avoid severe damages and to prevent the out of service of the HV power lines. The electric field distribution around the insulator can reveal the presence of insulation losses, even if the defect is not exposed on the surface. The measurement of the electric field distribution is a demanding task that has to be accomplished without perturbing the spatial distribution of the field itself and must be carried out by using systems that can be operated safely. To meet these requirements, a totally dielectric system based on a lithium niobate crystal (LiNbO3) has been assessed in the RSE HV laboratories.The sensing element is a LiNbO3 crystal (single domain, Z cut) through which a polarized light beam is fed. - Author(s): A. Bano ; M. Olivero ; A. Vallan ; G. Perrone
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42 (3 .)
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The activity hereby presented is part of a project aimed at developing a compact all-fibre setup that exploits the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) phenomenon to detect changes of chemical composition in a flowing liquid. The work has reached a lab prototype level, consisting of a plastic pipe with an embedded multi-mode optical fibre SPR sensor used as a refractometer. A demonstrator has been realised connecting the pipe to a water reservoir through a recirculating pump. Introduction of a contaminant into the flowing water produces a shift of the SPR. The system, tested with isopropyl/water mixtures, shows the capability to measure refractive index variations with a sensitivity of 2000 nm/RIU (RIU stands for Refractive Index Unit). The control unit is developed upon a commercial easy-to-use platform for demonstration and educational purposes. - Author(s): M. Gelfusa ; A. Murari ; M. Lungaroni ; S. Parracino ; E. Peluso ; G. Farias ; J. Vega ; A. Malizia ; P. Gaudio
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43 (4 .)
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In the last decades, the application of LiDAR/DIAL measurements to remote sensing and atmospheric physics has been consolidated from both the experimental and the interpretation point of view. The laser and optic technologies involved have become very sophisticated and the quality of the results have reflects this fact. These techniques are therefore seriously considered also for defence applications, for example for the survey of large areas to detect the release of chemical agents. On the other hand, for a reliable deployment of these techniques in real life applications, robust data analysis tools are required, an aspect to which not enough consideration is typically accorded during the design phase of the instrumentation. In this paper, it is shown how the absorption signals generated by various chemical substances can be processed to maximise the success rate of their identification. The developed classification methods are based on state of the art classification trees. The quality of the proposed technique is well supported by simulations based on the HITRAN database. Significant efforts have been devoted to the issue of providing an estimate of the robustness against noise of the classification provided by the machine learning tools. - Author(s): E. Catalano ; A. Coscetta ; R. Bernini ; L. Zeni ; A. Minardo
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44 (3 .)
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The analysis of BFS sensitivity to strain and temperature in three different single-mode optical fibers, carried out at 850nm and 1550nm wavelengths, permitted us to conclude that low bend loss, trench-assisted single-mode fibers are the best candidates for strain/temperature discrimination based on dual wavelength BOTDA measurements. A novel scheme based on the use of WDM couplers has been proposed and demonstrated, for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature in optical fibers. - Author(s): M. Olivero ; A. Vallan ; G. Perrone ; R. Orta
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45 (3 .)
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The manuscript discusses optical fiber sensors based on a single mode-multimode-single mode structure. The multimode section is implemented by a bend-insensitive fiber working around the cut-off wavelength at 1300 nm. The sensors are realized by splicing the bend-insensitive fiber section to single mode pigtails, producing an all-fiber interferometer. The fiber interferometer works as temperature sensor and the spectral interferometric pattern has been characterized, showing a sensitivity of 50 pm/°C. - Author(s): M. Cesaria ; V. Arima ; S. Rella ; C. Malitesta ; M.G. Manera ; R. Rella
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46 (4 .)
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Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used in integrated microfluidics and biomedical platforms due to its many advantageous properties. However, the use of common organic solvents in synthesis and diagnostic protocols performed in PDMS-based devices has prompted the search for treatments of PDMS able to avoid the undesirable consequences of the PDMS swelling. Due to the solvent volatility, systematic underestimation of the weight-gain can result from standard measurements of swollen weight in open environment and affected by time-delay comparable to the solvent evaporation rate. In this study, we consider dichloromethane (DCM) as an example-solvent that swells PDMS and consider: i) an experimental procedure properly designed for measuring the swollen weight of PDMS with control on the weight loss due to the solvent volatility, and ii) post-curing thermal aging of PDMS for effectively improving its chemical resistance against swelling and removing its morphology degradation upon chemical treatment. Based on X-ray spectroscopy (XPS) analysis and microscope imaging we explore the surface chemistry and morphological degradation of PDMS treated by DCM and show the temporal evolution of the swelling ratio of PDMS thermally aged up to 150°C for 24 hours. - Author(s): D. Marini ; M. Iuliano ; F. Bastianini ; G. Bolognini
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47 (3 .)
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In this work we report on a tunable dual pump-probe optical source aimed at Brillouin optical time-and frequency-domain analysis sensing. The developed dual source exploits Brillouin ring laser technology and is capable of a large tuning range of ~200 MHz without using phase-locked loop or optical sideband generation techniques. With a linewidth narrower than 2.5 MHz and an output power ~0.5 mW, the proposed source has shown to be an efficient solution for Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) systems, allowing to achieve distributed sensing over 10 km single mode fiber in BOTDA experiments with strain and temperature resolutions of ~10 μɛ and ~ 0.5°C respectively. - Author(s): M. Azzena ; Hao Yu ; G. Rossi ; A. Braglia ; R. Orta ; G. Perrone
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48 (4 .)
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The paper analyses wavelength-multiplexing approaches to scale the output power of multi-emitter fibre-coupled laser diode modules beyond the values achievable by using spatial and polarization multiplexing only, which represent current state-of-the-art. Both dichroic mirror and grating based configurations are considered. The latter is particularly promising when used in combination with a new generation of Distribuited Bragg Reflector (DBR) chips, which have proved to be much more stable than the Fabry-Perot (FP) layout typically used for high-power devices. A model to optimize the grating performance has been developed and a preliminary design of a grating-assisted multiplexing layout is reported.
Self-assembled and repeatable sers nanoprobes on fibre tip
Novel computer generated holograms for high-security anti-counterfeiting applications
A φ-OTDR Sensor for High-frequency Distributed Vibration Measurements with Minimal Post-processing
A novel configuration for bio-chemical sensors based on surface plasmon resonance
Multi-sensing meta nanostructures with surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface plasmon resonance functionalities
An innovative optical system for the detection of HV power line insulators defects
Portable SPR refractometer for contamination analysis in a flowing liquid
A machine learning approach to the identification of chemical substances from lidar measurements
Characterization of silica fibers for dual wavelength Brillouin sensors
Bend-insensitive fiber probe for temperature monitoring
PDMS treated with dichloromethane: swollen weight without underestimation due to the solvent volatility and thermal aging to reduce swelling and morphology damage
Brillouin-based fiber sensing system employing a modified Brillouin ring laser
Analysis of Wavelentgh Multiplexing Approaches for High Power Multi-Emitter Semiconductor Laser Modules
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Frontmatter
