MOVICI-MOYCOT 2018: Joint Conference for Urban Mobility in the Smart City
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- Location: Medellin, Colombia
- Conference date: 18-20 April 2018
- ISBN: 978-1-78561-963-2
- Conference number: 2018/0001
- The following topics are dealt with: Governance; Traffic modeling and simulation; Traffic management and ITS; Meteorology, Traffic and Urban Air Quality; Technologies and Developments in Electric Mobility Systems; Mobility and smart cities; and Optimization Models for City Logistics.
1 - 20 of 26 items found
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Detection of motorcycles and use of safety helmets with an algorithm using image processing techniques and artificial intelligence models
- Author(s): M.A. Varon Forero
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(9 pp.)
In Colombia, motorcyclists are the primary victims of traffic accidents. Between 2001 and 2014, there were about 28,000 deaths on the country's urban and rural roads; about half of these deaths occurred as a result of the lack of use of passive protection elements (safety helmets). This was accompanied by an increase in the number of motorcycles during those fourteen years of close to 445%. The large number of motorcycles and the absence of the transit authority from several municipalities have made it impossible to enforce compliance with traffic regulations for this population, and especially with the use of safety helmets. To solve this problem, an algorithm is proposed that uses image processing techniques in conjunction with artificial intelligence models for the detection of motorcycles and the use of helmets by the riders. The techniques used in this research for the detection of motorcycles within the vehicular flow include, among others, subtraction of the background, moment-preserving thresholding, morphological analysis and convolutional neural networks for the correct classification of the different objects found in the images. For the detection of helmets, a region of interest (ROI) is extracted from the original image and the contour is constructed within the posterior region of the ROI. Subsequently, the background of the image is subtracted and the H coordinate extracted from the HSB (hue, saturation and brightness) stack of the original RGB image. A classifier constructed using convolutional neural networks is used to determine the use of helmets by motorcyclists. The precision of motorcycle classification was 97.14%, whereas the precision of helmet detection was 85.29%. This algorithm, used with the equipment necessary for the identification of the vehicle's identity (i.e. LPR), can automatically assist in the enforcement task by public authorities in order to reduce the high mortality rate in this population group.
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Design and Manufacturing of an Electric Vehicle for Car-sharing in Bogotá
- Author(s): J.C. Mendoza-Collazos
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(6 pp.)
Car-sharing systems with electric vehicles are an alternative to reduce commuting times in big cities and also to mitigate air pollution. Car-sharing exists in 1100 cities around the world. These systems have had positive effects in the cities, replacing between 9 and 23 private vehicles for each car. This document proposes a public car-sharing system for Bogotá. The article focuses on the design and manufacturing of the car concept. The car design was oriented to manufacturing of a prototype under a concurrent design and engineering methodology. The car concept offers a persuasive solution for encourage users to prefer public transport. As a result, an industrial design patent for the concept car design was obtained. The proposal maintains the private car user experience in a public transport service. A mobile application is also proposed to request and reserve the service, taking Las Nieves sector in Bogotá downtown as a case study.
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The search for vehicles available for supply and demand of cargo and transport
- Author(s): J.F. Quintana Gómez and F. Javier Moreno
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(7 pp.)
Vehicle monitoring has become a necessity for companies in the transportation sector. Vehicles are monitored to try to guarantee safety, reduce costs in operations, theft and contraband, to verify the driver's compliance with the assigned route, to control speed and fuel consumption, among other reasons. Operational costs (including the value of freight, maintenance and fuel) in a company dedicated to transport can be 40% of the company's operating costs, only in terms of fuel consumption. Technological tools can help companies make better decisions, such as choosing a vehicle with better fuel consumption, reducing delivery time at the destination and generally lowering operating costs. This work presents a panorama of works in this area.
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An Optimal Battery Charging and Schedule Control Strategy for Electric Bus Rapid Transit
- Author(s): S. Ruiz ; N. Arroyo ; A. Acosta ; C. Portilla ; J. Espinosa
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(8 pp.)
This article presents a novel scheduling strategy for charging and dispatching electric heterogeneous Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) fleets equipped with batteries. A key feature of this strategy is that it is formulated as a model-based convex optimization problem, which takes into account a horizon corresponding to an entire day and incorporates proper selection matrices for restricting the operation and charging status of each BRT. The approach is economic, since it considers the energy price variation during the day. The scheduling strategy is tested with a fleet of BRTs, considering two vehicle classes which differ mainly in their dimensions and capacities. Using the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) package, a simplified rule-based algorithm gives which type of BRT is needed in order to satisfy a given demand of passengers. This information is sent to the optimization which is solved in Matlab®. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the scheduling method and its capacity to compute an economic optimal solution.
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Efficiency analysis during calibration of traffic microsimulation models in conflicting intersections near Universidad del Azuay, using Aimsun 8.1
- Author(s): C.M. Moyano ; J.F. Ortega ; D.E. Mogrovejo
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(6 pp.)
In recent years, the University of Azuay has become an attraction and generation equipment of motorized travel in Cuenca city, increasing the levels congestion at intersections located in direct influence area, with the purpose of improving operational conditions of accessibility to the study center, its operational conditions have been evaluated through microsimulations. The present research develops a comparative analysis of the efficiency in the calibration of traffic scenarios using the Aimsun 8.1, the comparison parameters to establish the best adjustment scenario between simulated data and real data are vehicle flows and speeds; the results obtained guarantee that the delay times and residual queue at the most relevant intersections of the study area, enabling the traffic management measures implemented to be correct and respond to reality.
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Evaluation of the Cost-effectiveness of Freeway Service Patrol for Reducing Nonrecurrent Congestion
- Author(s): L.F. Reyes Vasquez ; M.R.R. Shaon ; Xiao Qin
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(6 pp.)
Travel time reliability promotes the quality and consistency of the roadway trips. To improve travel time reliability, transportation agencies need data monitoring, analysis, and planning tools to understand fluctuations in traffic and, to identify effective strategies to reduce uncertainties caused by recurring and nonrecurring congestions. The Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) developed reliability solutions to improve analysis abilities for transportation professional. As one of the reliability products, the SHRP2 L07 refers to “Identification and Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of Highway Design Features to Reduce Nonrecurrent Congestion”. The L07 tool allows for estimating the effectiveness of physical design treatments for improving travel-time reliability and comparing the economic benefits of different locationspecific design options. In this study, we evaluated the costeffectiveness of the Freeway Service Team (FST) program implemented in Wisconsin, USA. The implementation of incident management programs such as FST is a common practice by transportation agencies to reduce nonrecurrent congestion. The FST treatment was implemented on a 12mile freeway segment in Brown County, Wisconsin and, its potential safety and operational benefits due to reduced frequency and duration of crash and non-crash incidents were evaluated in two scenarios. The estimated economic benefits using the L07 tool showed that the FST is an effective way to reduce nonrecurrent congestions and its impacts.
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Dynamics of execution in vehicles tracking from historical events
- Author(s): F. Florez ; F. Moreno ; P. Deossa
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(8 pp.)
Efficiency and accuracy are key parameters in the planning and execution of transport plans. Often drivers are not able to fulfill the planned schedule due to several uncertainties that can not be predicted. This problem has been tackled based on the empiric knowledge and experience of the people involved. Now with the increasing amount of tracking devices and new computational power and storage capacities, it is possible to apply data-mining and machine-learning processes to big amounts of historical data, allowing to explore the hidden relationships related with efficiency and accuracy trips results. This article presents an exploratory analysis of the relationship between scheduling and execution of land transport trips that are tracked through real-time monitoring in Colombia. A data mining techniques exploration is used in the analysis of historical data obtained from vehicles and drivers. The comparison of the trip planned schedules and its real execution, that is extremely volatile, evidences the keys variables that are relevant in the decision-making process related to the transport planning problem.
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Mobility Expert System Decision Support System for Medellin's Traffic Control Center
- Author(s): R.A. Urrea ; J.M. Restrepo ; J.C. Valencia ; J.M. Ortiz
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(4 pp.)
The operation of the Medellin's Traffic Control Center started 2011 focused on the planning, management and optimization of Real Time Intelligent Systems. Engineering and statistics are used for multi-object goals finding. The traffic control center mandate is to improve the Medellin citizens' life quality through traffic optimization an reduction of traffic related injuries and fatalities. In this work, a decision support system for the operation of the traffic control center is proposed. The expert system is responsible for monitoring the main operation, comparing situations of the real-time operation with historical situations and operational guides, and process, and later to offer the operation an action guide with alerts with the purpose of improving the response of the operations in the decision-making process. And also proposed as a tool for operators training. The integration of the expert system will add value to the other activities traffic control activities such as variable message signs management , traffic monitoring cameras and the interphase with the meteorology alert system. The addition of the expert system in the operators training will improve the operators competencies increasing their confidence to take assertive decision.
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Optimal design of a charging station for electric vehicles based on renewable energy
- Author(s): J. Lata-García ; J.M. Ledesma ; G.A. Avilés
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(6 pp.)
Electric vehicles are known to contribute to the reduction of emissions of polluting gases and noise pollution. Therefore, it is predicted that in the coming years there will be a trend towards their mass use. This study presents an optimal design of an autonomous electric vehicle charging station that can make use of renewable energy. The technical-economic analysis is simulated using the HOMER energy software. Two plans are presented: the first is an autonomous system using solar panels and batteries, while the second system is connected to the conventional grid. To obtain an overview of the energy resources, the city of Guayaquil is taken as an example. The results were obtained from a simulation used in the development of this research in which local energy resources, policies regarding the use of electric vehicles, and respective economic viability are analysed.
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Assessing Sustainable Development Goals: a transferable approach using contour accessibility measures at the example of Berlin and Mexico City
- Author(s): D. Krajzewicz ; S. Nieland ; J. Narezo Balzaretti ; D. Heinrichs
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(7 pp.)
This study uses accessibility measures to assess the quality of infrastructure supply (schools, parks, public transport stops in the regarded cases) and the performance of the transportation system in urban areas, based on objective, quantitative values. Within the scope of this work the methodology is applied to the city of Berlin and Mexico City as examples. Fine-grained data on the level of single households and the positions of single activity locations is used as well as a detailed road network representation and a description of public transport offers. The results show that accessibility measures are valuable input parameters for urban planning activities by showing under-supply of travel options and of important facilities on a highly disaggregated level. Furthermore, the outcomes demonstrate that the applied method is feasible to benchmark the accessibility of urban areas in regard to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) formulated by UNHABITAT.
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Origin-Destination Matrix Estimation Based on Microsimulation and Optimization
- Author(s): C.R. Portilla ; A.F. Acosta ; J.J. Espinosa
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(5 pp.)
This article describes a method for correcting a given OriginDestination (O/D) matrix based on microscopic simulation, using the Simulation of Urban MObility (SUMO) package. Assuming, that the O/D matrix has an error of 5%, an optimization problem is proposed for finding the trips comprising it that best approximate to the measured traffic flows. The process involves computing the user equilibrium on each iteration, using the DUAITERATE algorithm provided in the SUMO package. Simulation results were obtained through simulated annealing, which show the validity of the correction method.
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Dynamic Allocation of Traffic Light Plans as a Traffic Reduction Strategy
- Author(s): M.L. Suarez ; L. Esperanza Alvarez ; P.A. Camacho ; L.C. Marin ; B. Vasquez ; G. Gutierrez ; R.A. Aranzazu ; M. Carranza ; F.G. Montoya ; A. Valdes ; C. Gonzalez ; M. Jaramillo ; S. Henao
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(7 pp.)
The city of Medellin, like other cities in the world, is facing major mobility issues caused by the accelerated growth of the vehicle fleet in the last decade. The efficient operation of the traffic light network plays a fundamental role in the search for solutions to achieve an agile, comfortable, safe and sustainable mobility. For this reason, the Municipal Administration has made important investments in its updating and technological modernization that allows actions for a better performance. Currently the traffic lights of the city are operated by classic programming models, mostly at fixed times in different time zones and others in modes actuated and semi-actuated as scheduled, without responding to changing traffic conditions, making it necessary to search for autonomous traffic regulation systems that adapt their behavior according to the conditions. While adaptive systems based on a wide sensorisation for obtaining information online are an alternative, their current costs of implementation, maintenance and operation, has led to evaluate the new global trends in terms of information capture, storage, processing and use in the optimization of the operation of the traffic signal network. This is how the city of Medellin has been consolidating a Big Data storage system and has developed a technological platform capable of receiving it and executing actions on the traffic light system when it identifies that there are events that generate traffic variations different from normal or daily conditions, which has allowed to improve mobility conditions according to the results obtained, which will be detailed later. This first part of this document is an introduction of the different modes of operation of a traffic light network commonly used; the second part contains a brief description of the city's traffic light network; in the third part, the collaborative data systems are studied; the fourth part develops the solution scheme adopted by Medellin based on the collaborative data system; subsequently the results of the implementation of the system in a specific crossroads of the city are presented; and it ends with some brief conclusions in this regard.
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Automatic System to Optimize the Travel Time of BRT Metro Plus Buses Line 1 of the City of Medellin
- Author(s): M.L. Suarez ; L.E. Alvarez ; P.A. Camacho ; L.C. Marin ; B. Vasquez ; G. Gutierrez ; R.A. Aranzazu ; M. Carranza ; F. Giraldo Montoya ; A. Valdes ; C. Gonzalez ; M. Jaramillo ; S. Henao
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(6 pp.)
The city of Medellin has a BRT public transport system called METROPLUS whose Line 1 of operation interacts directly with 35 signalized intersections that represent an approximate increase of 30 minutes in the travel time. Although the BRT system has an exclusive use roadway, a large part of the route is shared with the other road users, which must be taken into account for the programming of the traffic lights at the intersections. Another important aspect has to do with the planning of the circulation of METROPLUS buses, which aims to optimize the fleet of buses available for the service. In order to support both activities, a transit system with priority signal (TSP) is implemented, with which it is possible to travel on line 1 of buses, in times very close to those planned by the Medellin Metro System, improving compliance indicators and perception of service quality. One of the aspects to be highlighted in the implementation of this system is the use of non-invasive technologies that allow to locate the bus in the vicinity of the signalized intersections and avoid investment in equipment. In order to carry out the corresponding action, a system was developed based on the GPS location of the buses under the concept of ”Geo-Fence”, which is taken directly from the equipment on the bus and uses a 3G/4G wireless communication system enabling the exchange of information between the bus management and control system in real time with the traffic control system, which allows the execution of the action in real time. The information collected is centrally stored in the Engineering and Traffic Light Center (CIOS) of the city and from there, based on decision-making algorithms, actions are carried out directly on the intersections where the buses request the priority pass, obtaining up to today a decrease of 23.63% in routes that were initially made in 110 minutes and currently achieve an average time of 86 minutes.
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Technological Management for Traffic Tickets Issuing in the Bogota Roads Using Mobile Devices
- Author(s): A. Velasquez Mendez
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(7 pp.)
This article presents a technological management model in the systems of issuing of road traffic tickets (infractions), which has been developed since 2014 in the city of Bogotá D.C., considering different aspects in the use of mobile technologies. The article describes processes of technological innovation associated with traffic tickets issuing, which are based on the Colombian national traffic code. It describes the functionalities of different mobile technologies adapted for tickets issuing, as is the case of the handheld computer - printer set and the smartphone - digital pen set. Finally, a statistical analysis is made of the most common traffic infractions imposed on the road by mobile technologies and their relationship with road safety in the city of Bogotá D.C.
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MIMOZA: an innovative decision-making tool to evaluate the effect of low emission zones on vehicles air emissions
- Author(s): T.V. da Rocha ; J.-M. André ; J.-P. Chang ; N. Allemand
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(4 pp.)
MIMOZA is a simulation tool developed by CITEPA at the request of the French Ministry for Ecological and Solidary Transition as part of the implementation of Low Emission Zones (LEZ) to reduce air emissions from vehicles in cities and improve their air quality. It is intended to facilitate the assessments carried out by local authorities responsible for the implementation of LEZ. This innovative tool simulates the impact of different LEZ scenarios on NOx, NO2, PM10 and CO2 emissions from the vehicle fleet concerned; i.e. between a scenario without LEZ (baseline scenario) and a scenario with LEZ for a given year (test scenario). This last scenario corresponds to the year of the LEZ implementation. After selecting the year of the test scenario, national default or local emission factors are identified accordingly. The vehicle fleet composition and the associated traffic (i.e. vehicle x kilometers traveled) are also proposed by the tool. As for emission factors, national default or local data can be selected. Emissions from the baseline scenario are then calculated on the basis of the traffic per vehicle fleet category and the corresponding emission factors. Finally, assumptions on traffic restrictions per vehicle categories and renewal rates of vehicles have to be selected. This leads to modified vehicle fleets (and traffic), which combined with emission factors, provides the new emissions for the test scenario.
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A Taxonomy of Energy Consumption Models for Electric Vehicles
- Author(s): D. Villa and A. Montoya
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(7 pp.)
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have emerged as an important alternative for reducing gas emission and world transportation dependence on internal combustion vehicles. However, EVs still have some limitations related to their autonomy and long charging times. Considering the autonomy restriction, when planning transport, it is important to have estimations about energy consumption. Literature presents several models that have been developed for consumption estimation; they use different parameters and assumptions, making difficult determining which one to use. The objective of this work is to classify the existing models according to their input parameters, type of input data, and type of parameter estimation. This work also intends to provide a general classification of the feasible models to implement, according to the revision made.
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Defining Engineering Characteristics of an Electric Kit for Motorcycle Hybridization in the Colombian Context Using QFD
- Author(s): S. Polania ; E. Betancur ; G. Osorio-Gomez
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(6 pp.)
In Colombia, air pollution problem is mainly caused by land transport, with a considerable number of internal combustion engine vehicles, and a motorcycles segment preference, electric vehicles emerge as an innovative solution to this problem. However, the country is not ready to adopt this technology on a large scale. In this way, this document proposes the development of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology in order to define and categorize Engineering Characteristics (EC) of an electric hybridization kit for motorcycles in the Colombian context. The proposed kit is oriented to the Street\sport segment, with an engine displacement between 111 c.c and 135 c.c. Besides, a technical and competitive analysis of the kit, with direct competitors in the Colombian context, based on the requirements provided by a multidisciplinary group of engineers and potential users is presented. Finally, the results obtained from the methodology implementation are classified according to the PDS categories proposed by Pugh for a further stage of product design.
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Analysis of relevant variables to monitor a photovoltaic charging station through the Function to Data Matrix (FDM) method
- Author(s): I. Cardenas-Gomez ; M. Fernandez-Montoya ; R. Mejia-Gutierrez
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(6 pp.)
The growth of the electric vehicle industry has brought the development of charging stations and the need for good performance of such systems. The large amount of information that can be monitored in these systems can represent a problem for a good operation in terms of control, computational cost and time. For this reason, it is necessary to make a selection of variables that allows to decrease the data-set's size without compromising the quality of information, needed for a proper information management system. There are several methods for prioritizing variables, such as the Function to Data Matrix (FDM). This method takes into account the functional analysis of the system, as well as the operative states and their relationship with the basic functions and variables. This enables to obtain a Variable Relevance Indicator (VRI) to define which variables have a higher importance under a particular perspective based on the main function of a system. This article presents the process of analyzing a photovoltaic charging station through the FDM method in order to define the most relevant information to be deployed in a future remote monitoring system.
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Design of a photovoltaic charging station (PVCS) by implementing the VDI 2206
- Author(s): R. Sanın and A. Velasquez-Lopez
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(6 pp.)
This article presents, through the design of a Photovoltaic Charging Station (PVCS), considerations regarding the use of the guideline VDI 2206 in the design of Mechatronic systems. A discussion is also established on the different gaps that the guide has in terms of methodological recommendations so that the different technology domains can contribute to the conceptualization of the product and the definition of the product architecture.
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Microsimulation as an Optimization Tool for Urban Goods Distribution: A Review
- Author(s): C.G. Gomez-Marin ; M.D. Arango-Serna ; C.A. Serna-Uran ; J.A. Zapata-Cortes
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(8 pp.)
The flows of goods within cities have attracted the attention of researchers and practitioners in the field of logistics and supply chain as well as transport engineering. A main feature of this research field is the continuously change in the associated variables to the urban goods distribution (UGD) like the travel time, the customer orders, the traffic congestion among others, which has a direct impact to the stakeholders in city logistics (shippers, carriers, receivers, public administration, etc.). The microsimulation can be used to asses those changes and their impact in the optimization process of the UGD. In this paper, we make a review of some studies about the use of microsimulation as an optimization tool for the UGD and classify them according to its application and simulation paradigm. In the same way, we categorize these studies by the process that are modelling in order to generate a starting point for future research that until now has not been found in the literature.
