The objective is to study the content of element Nb to the microstructure and properties of centrifugal cast binary Ti-Nb alloys in order to develop a new type titanium alloy for dental prostheses with better properties than pure titanium (CP Ti). Experimental Ti-Nb alloys (5,10,15 and 20 weight% Nb) were made using an argon-arc melting furnace and cast into a graphite mold using a centrifugal casting machine. The microstructure, phase composition, Vickers hardness and compression strength were studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Vickers tester and a Instron 5500 testing machine. Experimental results indicated that crystal structure and morphology of Ti-Nb alloys were sensitive to their niobium contents. Only the α-Ti phase was observed in the XRD patterns of Ti-Nb alloys. Among all Ti-Nb alloys, Ti-20Nb alloy had the highest Vickers hardness (341 HV), the highest compression strength (1522 MPa) and the lowest elastic modulus (23.3 GPa). Ti-5Nb alloy had the highest compression ratio (24.9%). By alloying with niobium, the cast titanium exhibited better mechanical properties. The hardness and strength of Ti-Nb alloys have been improved.