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Plastic removal mechanism of engineering ceramics was discussed based on the method of micro-indentation, and the formula of critical wheel depth of cut and the model of material removal ratio were established. In comparison with traditional grinding, the experiment on the characteristics of ductile-regime grinding engineering ceramics with/without ultrasonic assistance were carried out using engineering ceramic Al2O3, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) and nano-ZrO2 workpiece respectively. Experimental results showed that the material removal ratio in machining engineering ceramics with ultrasonic assistance was increased by one time. Meanwhile, the ductile-regime critical wheel depth of cut was up to 9-12μm and the surface roughness on ground workpieces was improved 1-2 grades. According to analysis of surface topography, grinding-induced cracks on Al2O3 workpiece were almost as a result of intercrystalline crack, while cracks on ZTA and ZrO2 workpiece were mainly owing to trans crystalline crack.