This paper takes a type of aviation turbine cooler as the research object, and An aviation turbine cooler running state monitoring system covering all the operating conditions is established. The test system provides the product's vibration magnitude under different operating conditions by means of an acceleration sensor sticking to the product, then it can determine the health status of the product in operation by monitoring the spectral acceleration value. The critical speed of the rotor system of the aviation turbine cooler can be obtained accurately through the test system. According to the test results, the finite element mode of turbine cooler's rotor will be modified, to ensure that the FEM-calculated values are in good agreement with the test-measured values.