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An advanced performance evaluation approach, Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation for mobile communication system on high-speed railway is introduced in this paper. On the developed HIL simulation platform, channel parameters, such as fading channel model, received level, speed of mobile station, noise and interference can be tuned at ease to simulate various radio propagation environments. HIL simulation platform can achieve real-time simulation in laboratory with high accuracy, low cost and low risk. In addition, the simulation is fully repeatable and fully controllable. The HIL simulation results show that the transmission reliability of mobile communication will deteriorate seriously with the increase of speed and co-channel interference. On the other hand, the transmission reliability will not improve obviously with the increase of received level.