Road infrastructures are always the topmost prerequisite to balance the supply and demand and reduce the congestions in urban transport, which is essential to support for the sustainable development of a city. This paper is a case study of Beijing, the capital city of China. It first introduces the background of the study on the structural optimization of urban road networks (SOURN), and then summarizes the present research on the optimization at home and abroad based on S&TNS (Science and Technology Novelty Search). Feasibility of the optimization is also examined. Next, the paper emphasizes the architecture for realizing such optimization, and proposes an architectural sample for Beijing city, which consists of a GIS platform of urban road networks, a data acquisition platform, optimization technologies, a decision support system, a simulated SOURN Test & Analysis System, and demonstration works for the optimization. This paper is a valuable reference for Beijing and other large cities to study their structural optimization and adjustment of road networks.