ITS for Freight Logistics
The global economy requires globalized movement of goods. Freight transport operations need to be efficient, productive, safe and secure, clean and green. The use of ICT and ITS (intelligent transport systems) are addressing these challenges by developing more rapid, more reliable and more precisely timed strategies for freight transport.
This book reviews recent developments in the field of ITS for freight logistics, covering relevant technologies, applications, approaches and standards. Chapters address the following topics: introduction to mobility of goods and freight logistics; global logistics visibility; global logistics standards development for using on marine container terminals; supply chain and RFID technologies; international data exchange solutions for transport and logistics; city logistics; the UK freight and logistics sector; implementation and application; and logistics IoT in Thailand.
Written by an international team of contributors, and edited by an expert in the field, this book is aimed at students and researchers in ITS and ICT for transport applications, policy makers and practitioners such as system architects, system engineers, and managers in the freight transport industry, and anyone involved in the design, developments and implementation of new ICT and ITS technologies in the freight sector.
Inspec keywords: radiofrequency identification; intelligent transportation systems; freight handling; transportation; data visualisation; supply chain management; ships; logistics data processing; electronic data interchange
Other keywords: electronic data interchange; freight logistics; data visualisation; ITS; intelligent transportation systems; radiofrequency identification; ships; logistics data processing; transportation; freight handling; supply chain management
Subjects: General and management topics; Production engineering computing; Traffic engineering computing; Graphics techniques; Data interchange; Industrial applications of IT; Goods distribution; RFID systems; General topics in manufacturing and production engineering; Production management; General electrical engineering topics
- Book DOI: 10.1049/PBTR034E
- Chapter DOI: 10.1049/PBTR034E
- ISBN: 9781839533136
- e-ISBN: 9781839533143
- Page count: 277
- Format: PDF
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Front Matter
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1 Introduction to mobility of goods and freight logistics
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In this chapter, the characteristics of logistics operations in conjunction with the freight transport are explained by using microscopic and macroscopic models. These models are useful to indicate the areas where ICT and ITS can be utilized. The improvements of logistics operations depend not only on the technology developments but also on the applications induced by the technologies. This phenomena can be easily observed by comparing the categories of applications listed in Table 1.2 and Table 1.4, which are reflecting the requirements of the times more than 20 years apart.
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2 Global logistics visibility
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This chapter describes global logistics visibility. A visibility related to logistics is to visualize all logistics processes concerning end-to-end transport. Regarding goods movements that are occurred in accordance with the trade process, they are in conditions that all records that are related to them, when, where, and how they occurred, and who handled them remain available. Moreover, "real-time visibility" means a visibility for a real-time goods status including temperature, humidity, and damage by real-time monitoring as if an observer could be standing just in front of moving goods.
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3 Global logistics standards development focusing on marine container terminal
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Back in the 1980s, many container terminal operators in the world were confronted with sometimes over 50 BAY PLAN formats assigned and requested by each shipping line. In order to avoid such circumstances, 21 IT and business experts from container terminal operators and major shipping lines in Europe met together on 17 September 1987 in London. The group named itself 'Ship Message Design Group eingetragener Verein', abbreviated as 'SMDG'. At the first meeting, the group decided that it was time to take the lead and develop one electronical standardized 'BAY PLAN Data Exchange Format', which consists of six digits. This is the first step to develop EDI messages by SMDG. 'EDI' is an abbreviation of electric data interchange and could be defined that information for business transactions being exchanged between different organizations by computers using the standard protocol via telecommunication lines. At that time, BAY PLANS were; drawn on paper and sent all over the world by email; using some private formats to transmit the data by telex.
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4 Supply chain and RFID technology
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The term supply chain layers is a multi-level concept that covers all aspects of taking a product from raw materials to a final product for shipping to a final place of sale, use, maintenance, and potentially disposal and returned goods. The reverse logistics process is also included in these layers. Each of these levels covers various aspects of dealing with products and the business processes as each level is both unique and overlapping with other levels. Figure 4.1 is a conceptual model showing a graphical relationship of the supply chain, and this is not a "one-for-one" representation of physical objects. Although several layers in Figure 4.1 have clear physical counterparts, some common supply chain items fit into several layers, depending on their usage.
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5 International data exchange solutions for transport logistics
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The seamless exchange of accurate, complete, and timely data communication at transportation handoffs has always been important for efficiency and accountability. Handoffs with a universal method of exchange that allows data interoperability between all parties in the supply chain are critically important for maximizing efficiency and accountability. The efficient exchange of data also provides for security of transport information and for transfer of information related to security against terrorism as well as theft and traditional contraband. It is imperative for standards development organizations (SDOs) to address and facilitate the handling of these needs.
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6 City Logistics
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Growing levels of urbanisation and associated congestion as well as increasing demand from eCommerce present major challenges for carriers in many cities. Disruption due to incidents, extreme weather and construction projects is creating more unreliable urban freight systems. City Logistics aims to minimise the social, environmental as well as maximise the economic benefits of urban freight transport. Hyperconnected City Logistics (HCL) involves more open, integrated and shared systems that rely on a range of connected and automated technologies.
International standards provide a framework for developing and implementing City Logistics solutions based on quality management systems. Facility management standards also contain important principles for improving deliveries at major activity hubs. Information and communication technologies such as RFID, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and GPS offer a standardised means of charging freight vehicles for using road infrastructure as well as cost effectively monitoring the performance of road networks and managing access for heavy vehicles. International standards are also vital for identifying and tracking loads, consignments and containers for HCL. The Australian Integrated Multimodal EcoSystem (AIMES) provides a unique testbed for examining emerging technologies based on International Standards Organisation (ISO) standards for improving the safety, efficiency and sustainability of urban freight systems.
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7 UK Freight and Logistics
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The freight sector is one of the UK's largest industries and plays a crucial role in the economy, contributing £124bn gross value add (GVA) to the UK economy in 2019, which represents 10 per cent of the contribution to the UK non-financial business economy. There are 2.7 million employees in the wider logistics industry, working in 192,525 enterprises, of which nearly all are SMEs [1]. The industry is seen as a strategically important enabler of other businesses of all sizes and sectors. Technology is increasingly being adopted to support the whole logistics sector in every aspect whether in the office, in vehicles, in goods handling or in warehouses. The following sections discuss each type of mode of transport.
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8 Urban mobility ITS application deployments in Japan
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This section describes the ongoing ITS application deployments in Japan. The society with environment-friendly urban mobility should be realized by reducing excessive impact to road infrastructures by enhancing law enforcement of regulated heavy vehicles (RHVs), by reducing traffic congestions by dynamically changing toll tariff of various roads in urban or inter-urban areas. The vehicle probe data collected can be used to enhance monitoring of weighing limits and access controls of RHV in urban area. By deploying ETC 2.0 system, the C-ITS system, vehicle probe data collecting services have been deployed by the effort of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT) in Japan [1]. Other various ITS application services are scheduled to be deployed soon, too. Each vehicle onboard unit (OBU) stores vehicle location data (vehicle probe data stored for past up to around 80 km, at every 200 m, or at sudden movement location point) and OBU releases probe data at the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) roadside probe data collectors (roadside units, RSUs). Those data can be used for the various ITS application services. One of the first use cases deployed is a RHV monitoring system that is a combined application with weigh-in-motion WIM and vehicle probe data systems. The organization named "Highway Industry Development Organization" has been supporting MLIT to disseminate these technologies to the world by creation of an international standard IS15638-21 at ISO/TC204/WG7 [2].
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9 Logistics IoT in Thailand
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Thanks to the (ASEAN Economic Community) launched in December 2015 and free trade agreements signed with major countries, expectations are high that Thailand's logistics industry will see dramatic growth in the future. Thailand enjoys a geographical trade advantage due to its central location in Southeast Asia, sharing borders with Malaysia, Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos. In particular, hopes are high that Thailand will play a key role in land transport and trade with the Indochina Peninsula. The Thai government considers Thailand to be an important hub of not only trading and services in the Greater Mekong Subregion of the Mekong River basin but also of import and export throughout the Asian continent.
According to a survey conducted by a local research institute, the logistics industry in Thailand experienced higher year on year growth in 2016 (5.7%) than in 2015 (5.3%). Local newspaper reports attribute the increased demand for logistics to government investment in infrastructure and resurgent tourism [1].
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Back Matter
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