In today's competitive markets, engineers face an ongoing challenge to produce complex engineering systems with a high level of performance, reliability, and value at a low price. This demand is brought about by the advances in microprocessor technologies (small and cheap) that make what was state of the art yesterday fade in comparison with what might be possible tomorrow. Hence, a mechatronics engineer is the one who views a system as a whole and offers optimum embedded solution problems. There exist a few definitions of what is an embedded system. In the article, an embedded system is a compact computer system used to accomplish a few specific tasks. It is usually embedded into a completed system that includes physical mechanical and electrical parts. The embedded system is tasked to work on preprogrammed jobs. However, with artificial intelligence, it can be intelligent to handle different scenarios. Typically, the embedded systems are produced in a small form factor with inputs and outputs (for digital inputs/outputs, analog inputs/outputs, high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) port, universal serial bus (USB) port, and other port configurations) for broad applications. The human operator has direct interaction with the system through debugging interfaces, firmware, supporting software, and network to obtain the performance of the embedded system. It enables the output responses or messages to be monitored. Sometimes, tailored inputs can be used to obtain insight into the behavior of the systems. The PIC^TM microcontroller, ARDUINO®, and Raspberry Pi^TM microcontroller are the common types of microcontrollers used in the embedded system.

Numerical modeling and simulation techniques are essential in many engineering applications. This technique has been evolving and has played an essential role in industry and institutions for the past few decades. The applications of numerical modeling and simulation techniques on marine vehicles such as underwater robotic vehicle have been gradually increased in the past few decades. Many of them were used for subsea exploration and installation. The remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) are the major workhorses to carry out several tasks in deeper and risker areas where the use of human divers is impractical. However, there are numbers of challenges in operating the vehicles precisely, such as unpredictable disturbance like current and wave during its operation. The manipulation and maneuverability become the most essential tasks in designing the vehicle. A marine vessel control system has three independent blocks denoted as guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) system. A dynamic model is always needed in designing a good GNC system for an underwater vehicle.

This chapter discusses several applications of PIC embedded system design, including an intelligent vacuum robot system, a remote temperature-sensing system for patients, a wall-climbing robot and a magnetic conveyor system.

This chapter discusses several applications of Raspberry Pi-embedded system design including fouling detection system, multi-hop microprocessor-based prototype system for remote vibration and image monitoring, and face recognition system.