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Diversity Strategies: Lessons from Natural Systems

Diversity Strategies: Lessons from Natural Systems

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The behaviour and performance of echolocating bats in terms of detecting, locating, tracking and capturing prey have been investigated. The most significant key aspects for their autonomous navigation in terms of waveform diversity are identified: the design of the transmitted waveforms; and their dynamic adjustments as a function of flight trajectory. This dynamic transmission of diverse waveforms is evident through the wide range of frequency modulations used by different bat species (CF, LFM, HFM) and the number of different parameters required for undertaking particular tasks. The abilities to change the bandwidth of the transmitted call within a feeding buzz sequence, to reduce the illuminating frequency, and to modify the pulse repetition interval, call intensity and pulse length are undoubtedly signs of important waveform diversity design which may provide insights into the development of more reliable autonomous systems. It should also be noted that this analysis has only considered transmitted calls; whereas, of course, the real information will be embedded in the received calls. Additionally, the received calls are processed via two ears (receivers). These aspects will be the subject of future studies.

Inspec keywords: frequency modulation; object detection; radionavigation

Other keywords: echolocating bat behaviour; HFM; bat species; autonomous navigation system; call intensity; diversity strategy; frequency modulations; flight trajectory function; waveform diversity; illuminating frequency reduction; diverse waveform dynamic transmission; prey detection; feeding buzz sequence; pulse length; transmitted waveform design; LFM; pulse repetition interval; CF; natural systems; prey tracking; waveform diversity design

Subjects: Radionavigation and direction finding; Modulation and coding methods

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