Nowadays, fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology has been applied to various aspects of our daily life, such as public transportation and shopping malls. In addition to these daily applications, compared with the traditional third-generation/fourth-generation (3G/4G) system, 5G new radio (NR) is widely used in other scientific research and technology scenarios because of its ultrahigh traffic volume density, ultrahigh connection density, ultrahigh mobility, and other diversified characteristics. A variety of technologies are used to serve the end users, such as massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) channel models, millimetre-wave (mm-wave) communications, ultra dense networks, and device-to-device (D2D) communications. Therefore, the main requirements of 5G NR channel models could be divided into five areas: (1) higher frequency and larger bandwidth, (2) mMIMO, (3) spatial consistency and deal mobility, (4) wide-range propagation scenarios and diverse network topologies, and (5) high mobility. In general, channel sounders are divided into frequency-and time-domain-based methods according to different detection methods. The method based on the frequency domain is mainly implemented with a vector network analyser (VNA). A VNA measures the frequency-domain response of the wireless channel based on frequency-domain scanning and then obtains the time delay power profiles (PDP) of the wireless channel through Fourier transform. By setting a narrower IF signal bandwidth, a VNA can achieve a higher measurement dynamic range. Meanwhile, the delay estimation accuracy will be higher as the frequency-domain range of the scan increases. A MIMO channel sounder can also be realized based on a VNA. However, due to the long measurement time, the VNA-based channel sounder is only suitable for detecting and analysing static wireless channel scenarios.

Chapter Contents:

• 15.1 Wireless channel measurement requirements of 5G communication
• 15.1.1 Higher communications frequency and larger bandwidth
• 15.1.2 Massive MIMO
• 15.1.3 Spatial consistency and dual mobility
• 15.1.4 Wide-range propagation scenarios and diverse network topologies
• 15.1.5 High mobility
• 15.2 Requirements for 5G wireless channel measurement
• 15.2.1 System architecture
• 15.2.2 RF and antenna array
• 15.2.3 Synchronization system
• 15.2.4 Sounding signal design
• 15.3 Channel measurement methods
• 15.3.1 System architecture
• 15.3.2 Design challenges and key technologies
• 15.4 Channel data processing
• 15.4.1 Signal model
• 15.4.2 EM Algorithm
• 15.4.3 SAGE algorithm
• 15.5 Channel measurement
• 15.5.1 Scenario test planning and measurement
• 15.5.2 Measurement in anechoic chamber (with a reflector)
• 15.5.3 Outdoor measurement
• 15.5.4 Channel model library
• Acknowledgments
• References

Inspec keywords: time-domain analysis; MIMO communication; delay estimation; telecommunication network topology; radiowave propagation; frequency-domain analysis; wireless channels; millimetre wave communication; signal detection; Fourier transforms; 5G mobile communication

Other keywords: MIMO channel sounder; PDP; 3G system; frequency-domain-based methods; fourth-generation system; device-to-device communications; 5G new radio; time-domain-based methods; channel sounding; mMIMO; VNA-based channel sounder; ultradense networks; diverse network topologies; metrology; frequency-domain response; Fourier transform; vector network analyzer; wide-range propagation scenarios; 4G system; millimeter-wave communications; third-generation system; mm-wave communications; D2D communications; fifth-generation wireless technology; spatial consistency; delay estimation accuracy; mMIMO channel models; 5G NR channel models; ultrahigh mobility; ultrahigh connection density; frequency-domain scanning; narrower IF signal bandwidth; massive multiple-input-multiple-output channel models; static wireless channel analysis; diversified characteristics; time delay power profiles; ultrahigh traffic volume density

Subjects: Mobile radio systems; Mathematical analysis; Communication network design, planning and routing; Radiowave propagation; Signal detection; Integral transforms; Other topics in statistics