Massive multiple -input multiple -output (MIMO) is one of the key technologies for fifth generation (5G) and beyond [1]. By utilizing a large number of antennas, it can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency and is promising to achieve 5G key performance indicators. However, the application of large-scale antenna arrays leads to new challenges for physical layer signal processing. In this chapter, we will focus on massive MIMO systems and give a comprehensive introduction on massive MIMO technology for 5G and beyond.

Chapter Contents:

• 7.1 Introduction of massive MIMO
• 7.2 Information theory of massive MIMO
• 7.2.1 Fundamental of massive MIMO
• 7.2.2 Spectrum efficiency analysis of massive MIMO
• 7.2.2.1 Perfect CSI
• 7.2.2.2 Imperfect CSI
• 7.3 Channel models for massive MIMO
• 7.3.1 Correlation-based channel model
• 7.3.2 Spatial channel model
• 7.4 Signal detection for massive MIMO
• 7.4.1 System model and MMSE detection
• 7.4.2 Neumann sequence-based signal detection
• 7.4.3 Iteration-based signal detection
• 7.5 CSI acquisition for massive MIMO
• 7.5.1 Channel estimation for massive MIMO
• 7.5.1.1 Channel sparsity-based channel estimation
• 7.5.1.2 Channel correlation-based channel estimation
• 7.5.2 Channel feedback for massive MIMO
• 7.5.2.1 Channel sparsity-based channel feedback
• 7.5.2.2 Channel correlation-based channel feedback
• 7.5.2.3 Channel partial reciprocity-based channel feedback
• 7.6 Precoding for massive MIMO
• 7.6.1 Digital precoding
• 7.6.1.1 Single-user digital precoding
• 7.6.1.2 Multiuser digital precoding
• 7.6.2 Analog beamforming
• 7.6.3 Hybrid precoding
• 7.6.3.1 Single-user hybrid precoding
• 7.6.3.2 Multiuser hybrid precoding
• 7.7 Prototype and testbeds for massive MIMO
• 7.8 Challenges and future research directions for massive MIMO
• 7.8.1 Physical layer signal processing in wideband massive MIMO
• 7.8.2 THz massive MIMO
• 7.8.3 RIS-based massive MIMO
• 7.9 Summary of the key points for massive MIMO
• References

Inspec keywords: MIMO communication; 5G mobile communication

Other keywords: fifth generation communication; 5G communication; large-scale antenna arrays; massive multiple-input multiple-output system; physical layer signal processing; spectrum efficiency; massive MIMO system

Subjects: Mobile radio systems