Energy-efficient illumination toward green communications
The advancement in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technology makes it the most preferred highly efficient lighting solution. Not only LEDs consume less energy and reduce carbon emissions, but also their average life expectancy is above 10 years, i.e., 50,000 h. Achieving more than 75% of energy savings has encouraged the widespread use of LEDs for indoor and outdoor applications, as well. As a consequence of the huge investments in the LED-based lighting industry, another emerging technology has grown, which is visible light communications (VLC). For instance, LEDs can switch to various light intensity levels at an extremely fast rate, i.e., imperceivable by a human eye, which allows data to be modulated through light, enabling wireless communications [1]. Recent research discusses how LEDs can be used for communication, positioning, and sensing [2]. Adopting VLC enables the use of an ultrawide range of unregulated visible light, offering 10,000 times more bandwidth capacity than radio frequency (RF)-based technologies. Rates of over 10 Gbps have already been demonstrated using LEDs, and an enticing rate of 100 Gbps was reported using laser diodes [3]. This chapter discusses state-of-the-art VLC modulation techniques, potential indoor scenarios, and associated challenges. In the first section, advancements in modulation schemes that are compatible with illumination requirements are highlighted. Such schemes enable the simultaneous offering of multiple wireless services, including communication, sensing, and security, and will even promote more efficient VLC systems. Then, this chapter discusses the possibility of coexisting VLC with RF technologies, followed by recent advancements inVLC-based multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. Finally, the potential of applying deep learning (DL) algorithms to improve the performance of VLC systems is investigated.
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