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Smart vehicles for smart cities

Smart vehicles for smart cities

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With increasing urbanization, there has been huge emphasis on enhancing traffic efficiency and road safety. As the traditional cities are transiting to their digital versions, the classical transportation and relevant operations are expected to be implanted with more intelligence. Traditional traffic control systems and vehicle coordination are gradually substituted with smart systems, broadly known as intelligent transportation systems (ITS). On the similar lines, the advancement in communication and sensor technologies have equipped the vehicles with capabilities of understanding their surroundings, communicating with other vehicles, communicating with street furniture, communicating with road users and other external information sources. Vehicles of the smart cities will rely on various applications for its operation, trajectory planning, parking, maneuvering, etc. It goes without saying that such applications may be hosted within the vehicle or remotely, and availability of the right communication bit-pipes is between and among the communicating entities. The technological representative terms like vehicular network, internet of vehicles, vehicular cloud computing, and vehicular ad hoc networking advocate the importance of network technologies, when it comes to achieving the traffic safety and road efficiency objectives. Based on the type of ITS application, the service requirements of the network technologies vary for end-to-end delay, throughput, reliability, security, and adaptability. To ensure these requirements, research community and industry have contributed with solutions like edge computing, roadside units (RSUs), trust management frameworks, learningbased decision mechanisms for various decision-making instances, etc. The chapter discusses some of these solutions. To equip the readers with necessary background information, the chapter starts with introducing the basics of autonomous driving, which is followed by the types of communication models. Detailed discussion on trust management framework and application of edge computing for enabling unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) make major sections of the chapter.

Chapter Contents:

  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Design goals of autonomous vehicles
  • 7.3 SAE levels—an overview
  • 7.3.1 Level-0 automation
  • 7.3.2 Level-1 automation
  • 7.3.3 Level-2 automation
  • 7.3.4 Level-3 automation
  • 7.3.5 Level-4 automation
  • 7.3.6 Level-5 automation
  • 7.4 Vehicular communication
  • 7.4.1 Vehicle-to-vehicle
  • 7.4.2 Vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • 7.4.3 Vehicle-to-everything
  • 7.4.4 Cellular vehicle-to-everything
  • 7.4.4.1 Working of C-V2X communication
  • 7.5 ITSs enabled by flying RSUs
  • 7.5.1 Traffic modeling
  • 7.5.2 UAV deployment strategy
  • 7.6 Trust framework for vehicular networks
  • 7.6.1 Understanding trust in vehicular networks
  • 7.6.2 Evaluation of the trust model
  • 7.6.2.1 Direct trust computation
  • 7.6.2.2 Recommended trust computation
  • 7.6.3 Decision tree classification model to frame trust rules
  • 7.6.4 Artificial neural networks to train the vehicular nodes
  • 7.7 Conclusion, open issues, and solution directions
  • References

Inspec keywords: smart cities; Internet of Things; autonomous aerial vehicles; intelligent transportation systems; mobile computing; distributed processing; traffic engineering computing; road traffic; vehicular ad hoc networks; road vehicles; traffic control; road safety; cloud computing

Other keywords: traffic control systems; road efficiency objectives; intelligent transportation systems; communication bit-pipes; ITS; external information sources; smart systems; smart vehicles; edge computing; traffic safety; end-to-end delay; traffic efficiency; RSU; ITS application; unmanned aerial vehicles; Internet of Vehicles; trajectory planning; road users; UAV; roadside units; vehicular ad hoc networking; trust management framework; vehicular network; network technologies; vehicular cloud computing; road safety; communication models; vehicle coordination; smart cities; sensor technologies; street furniture

Subjects: Mobile radio systems; Other computer networks; Mobile, ubiquitous and pervasive computing; Road-traffic system control; Computer communications; Traffic engineering computing; Internet software

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