Industries also evolved much since 1700. There have been four industrial revolutions since the 1700s. The first industrial revolution in 1780 was about steam engines, textile industries, and mechanical engineering. The second in 1840 was about steel industries. The third in 1900 was about electricity and automobiles, whereas, the fourth industrial revolution was about the IT industry, and it is generally accepted that the fourth industrial revolution has just begun [1]. As such, the term “Industry 4.0” was pinned by the German government in 2011 [2]. Industry 4.0 or Fourth Industrial Revolution is all about the Internet of Things and services (IoTS), cyber-physical systems (CPSs), and interaction and exchange of data through the Internet or cloud computing. During 1960, one system can perform only one task at a time. Multiple systems needed to run multiple tasks simultaneously [3]. Now moving forward to the present 2020, the single system can perform multiple tasks within a few seconds. Such technology is achieved by scientific advancements like the Internet, web services, Internet of things, and cloud computing. Like the industrial revolutions, there have been several improvements and developments in computing, processing, and accessing the stored data. The evolution of computing is provided in Figure 13.1.

Chapter Contents:

• 13.1 Cloud computing
• 13.1.1 Benefits of cloud computing
• 13.1.2 Types of cloud computing
• 13.1.3 Types of cloud services
• 13.2 Fog computing
• 13.3 Edge computing
• 13.4 Security and privacy issues
• 13.5 Cloud computing in Industrial Revolution 4.0
• 13.6 Cloud computing in the communication sector
• 13.7 Cloud computing in healthcare sector
• 13.8 Scholarly articles in cloud computing
• 13.9 Conclusion
• References

Inspec keywords: production engineering computing; cyber-physical systems; electronic data interchange; Internet of Things; cloud computing; Web services

Other keywords: fourth industrial revolution; IT industry; data exchange; web services; Internet of Things-services; IoTS; textile industries; mechanical engineering; German government; steel industries; cloud computing; steam engines; CPS; cyber-physical systems

Subjects: Production engineering computing; Internet software; Industrial applications of IT; Data interchange