The most significant exposure, as has been seen through metrics discussed earlier in this book, is subject to the uplink from mobile terminal devices that are transmitting electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in proximity to the user, or other individuals that are in close proximity to any wireless device. Exposure from the downlink, on the other hand, is substantially less. Support of low-exposure mobile networks therefore warrants the need to design and implement user terminal radios in such a way that they will not radiate EMFs for unnecessary lengths of time, with excessive levels of transmit power or in undesired directions. Before discussing the technologies that can be used to reduce exposure from a mobile terminal radio, it is first useful to categorise the practical ways in which exposure from a mobile user terminal can be measurably reduced.

Chapter Contents:

• 8.1 Historical context: design of low SAR antennas for voice mobile
• 8.2 Emergence of ubiquitous computing and the changed shape of wireless device usage
• 8.3 Low-exposure antenna technologies in advanced mobile terminals
• 8.3.1 Context-aware multiple antennas
• 8.3.2 Proximity slave device for mobile terminals
• 8.4 Societal changes in mobile terminal usage
• 8.5 Low-exposure transmission techniques for advanced mobile terminals
• 8.6 Conclusions and evaluation of candidate low-exposure technologies for the mobile terminal
• References

Inspec keywords: biological effects of fields; mobile radio; electromagnetic fields; telecommunication terminals

Other keywords: RF device; mobile terminal radio; low-exposure user terminal radio design concepts; mobile terminal devices; electromagnetic fields; low-exposure mobile networks; mobile user terminal; EMF; wireless device

Subjects: Mobile radio systems; Health Physics; Electric and magnetic fields