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## Physical layer security for massive MIMO systems

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The chapter is organised as follows. In Sections 5.1 and 5.2, we briefly review the fundamentals of massive MIMO and physical layer security, respectively. In Section 5.3, we motivate the chapter by illustrating why we consider physical layer security for massive MIMO systems. The considered model and the performance evaluation metrics for secure massive MIMO systems are introduced in Sections 5.4 and 5.5, respectively. Section 5.6 studies linear precoding for downlink secure massive MIMO transmission. In Section 5.7, we conclude with abrief summary of this chapter.

Chapter Contents:

• 5.1 Fundamentals of massive MIMO
• 5.1.1 Time-division duplex and uplink pilot training
• 5.1.3 Multi-cell deployment and pilot contamination
• 5.2 Physical layer security basics
• 5.3 Motivations
• 5.3.1 Is massive MIMO secure?
• 5.3.2 How to improve security for massive MIMO?
• 5.3.3 State-of-the-art
• 5.4 System models for secure massive MIMO
• 5.4.1 Channel estimation and pilot contamination
• 5.4.2 Downlink data and AN transmission
• 5.5 Achievable ergodic secrecy rate and secrecy outage probability for secure massive MIMO systems
• 5.5.1 Achievable ergodic secrecy rate
• 5.5.1.1 Lower bound on the achievable user rate
• 5.5.1.2 Ergodic capacity of the eavesdropper
• 5.5.1.3 Tight upper bound on the ergodic capacity of the eavesdropper
• 5.5.2 Secrecy outage probability analysis
• 5.6 Linear data and AN precoding in massive MIMO systems
• 5.6.1 Linear data precoders for secure massive MIMO
• 5.6.1.1 RCI data precoding
• 5.6.1.2 Computational complexity of data precoding
• 5.6.2 Linear AN precoders for secure massive MIMO
• 5.6.2.1 Analysis of AN precoders
• 5.6.2.2 Computational complexity of AN precoding
• 5.6.3 Comparison of linear data and AN precoders
• 5.6.3.1 Comparison of ZF and MF data precoders
• 5.6.3.2 Comparison of NS and random AN precoding
• 5.6.4 Optimal power splitting
• 5.6.5 Numerical examples
• 5.7 Conclusions and future prospects
• A.1 Appendix
• A.1.1 Proof of Lemma 5.1
• A.1.2 Proof of Theorem 5.1
• A.1.3 Proof of Theorem 5.2
• A.1.4 Proof of Proposition 5.1
• A.1.5 Derivation of Kopt
• References

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