Beamforming with all antenna elements of an array for transmitting or receiving means reproducing a desired beam pattern as closely as possible. Generally, a narrow main beam with high gain at the centre in the desired direction combined with low sidelobes for all other directions is required. The fundamental procedure for beamforming is, weighting the individual signals of all antenna elements and then summing all these weighted signals.

Chapter Contents:

• 5.1 Single receiving beam
• 5.1.1 RF-beamforming
• 5.1.2 Subarrays and partial digital beamforming
• 5.1.3 Dynamic range requirements
• 5.1.4 Subarray configuration for digital sum and difference beamforming
• 5.1.5 Correction of antenna failures
• 5.1.6 Digital beamforming at element level
• 5.2 Broad band beamforming
• 5.3 Multiple beams
• 5.3.1 RF multiple beamforming
• 5.3.2 RF-multiple beamforming using subarrays
• 5.3.3 IF multiple beamforming by a resistive network
• 5.3.4 Baseband multiple beamforming
• 5.3.5 Time-multiplex beamforming for arbitrary directions
• 5.3.6 Digital multiple beamforming using subarrays
• 5.3.7 Multiple beam cluster for target search
• 5.3.7.1 Fan beam for transmitting and receiving
• 5.3.7.2 Fan beam for transmitting and a cluster of pencil beams for receiving
• 5.4 Deterministic spatial filtering
• 5.5 Compressed sensing for beamforming
• References

Inspec keywords: transmitting antennas; array signal processing; radar signal processing; receiving antennas; radar antennas; antenna arrays

Other keywords: receiving means; array antennas; radar techniques; transmitting means; antenna elements; beamforming; narrow main beam

Subjects: Signal processing and detection; Antenna arrays; Radar equipment, systems and applications