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Lightning and surges

Lightning and surges

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In this chapter, focus is on lightning strikes to ground, i.e., the electrical discharges between the thunder cloud and the ground. Special attention to ground structures, such as buildings and electrical networks will be considered. Lightning strikes can affect electrical circuits in two ways: by direct strikes and by induced effects due to the electromagnetic fields generated by the high magnitude fast lightning current. Following lightning strikes, high current and high-voltage surges travel on electrical networks on both low-voltage (LV) and high-voltage systems. If and when these travelling surges reach sensitive electrical and/or electronic equipment, significant damage can occur if no adequate lightning protection or shielding is put in place. For completeness, switching surges on networks will be reviewed and their impact on the network will be addressed.

Chapter Contents:

  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 The lightning phenomenon
  • 2.2.1 The charging of clouds
  • 2.2.2 The lightning discharge mechanism
  • 2.2.3 Lightning parameters
  • 2.3 Lightning strikes to ground structures and lines
  • 2.3.1 Effects of lightning strikes on ground structures
  • 2.3.2 Lightning surge scenarios on ground structures
  • 2.4 Overvoltages on electrical networks
  • 2.4.1 Lightning overvoltages on lines
  • 2.4.2 Switching overvoltages
  • 2.4.3 Temporary overvoltages
  • Acknowledgement
  • Bibliography

Inspec keywords: lightning; lightning protection; surges; arresters; aircraft

Other keywords: surges; lightning strike density; lightning discharges; electrical circuit components; blue jet-sprites; ISS; electromagnetic shielding; white-yellowish lights areas; lightning monitoring systems; international space station; thunderclouds; intense lightning intracloud activity; airborne structures; Mediterranean region; picture capture; lightning protection systems; lightning struck aircraft; energetic discharges

Subjects: Protection apparatus

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