This chapter focuses on the energy management system (EMS) for a microgrid (MG). The hierarchy of the various controllers utilized in the EMS is presented. Various programming methods can be used for optimizing the behavior of the EMS such that the MG can operate in a safe and reliable manner to match the demanded load with the available energy sources. The requirements for a communication system within the MG are briefly discussed. A test case with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is provided.

Chapter Contents:

• Nomenclature
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Microgrid management system
• 7.3 Microgrid energy management systems
• 7.3.1 Centralized energy management
• 7.3.2 Decentralized energy management
• 7.3.3 Comparison between centralized and decentralized EMS
• 7.4 MG EMS solution
• 7.4.1 EMS based on linear and nonlinear programming methods
• 7.4.2 EMS based on dynamic programming and rule-based methods
• 7.4.3 EMS based on meta-heuristic approaches
• 7.4.4 EMS based on artificial intelligent methods
• 7.4.5 EMS based on multi-agent systems (MAS)
• 7.5 MG EMS-wireless communication
• 7.6 MG EMS-test case
• 7.6.1 Modeling of the microgrid
• 7.6.2 Mathematical model of the system
• 7.6.2.1 Generators cost functions
• 7.6.2.2 Solar generation cost function
• 7.6.2.3 Wind generation cost function
• 7.6.2.4 Energy storage cost function
• 7.6.2.5 Constraint functions
• 7.6.3 Results of PSO
• 7.6.3.1 First case study: grid-connected mode
• 7.6.3.2 Second case study: islanded mode
• 7.7 Conclusion
• References

Inspec keywords: distributed power generation; energy management systems; particle swarm optimisation

Other keywords: particle swarm optimization technique; communication system; available energy sources; energy management system; EMS; PSO; microgrid

Subjects: Optimisation techniques; Optimisation techniques; Distributed power generation