A microgrid (MG) is a localized group of electricity loads and distributed energy resources (DERs). The DERs consist of the renewable energy resources, in which the wind farm and solar technologies have gained increasing interest and growth in the recent years. The renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind and solar ones have the variable output power because of their stochastic nature. So, the energy storage systems (ESSs) have been investigated as achievable solution to solve the output power fluctuation ofRESs. This chapter studies the different types of energy storage device technologies considering characteristics and operation constraints for MG use. The technologies of ESSs have the important role on the application of ESSs for MG use. The battery energy storage has a poor life cycle and influences the MG future development. The main characteristics of ESS technologies are the important things in the future development of MG. The ESSs are used as peak shaving, renewable energy systems integration, spinning reserve, load following, frequency regulation and black start in the MG application.

Chapter Contents:

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Energy storage technologies
• 5.2.1 Compressed air energy storage
• 5.2.2 Pumped hydroelectric energy storage
• 5.2.3 Cryogenic energy storage
• 5.2.4 Battery energy storage systems
• 5.2.4.1 The nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) battery
• 5.2.4.2 Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery
• 5.2.4.3 Lead–acid (PbA) battery
• 5.2.4.4 Sodium–sulfur (NaS) battery
• 5.2.5 Thermal energy storage
• 5.2.6 Flywheel energy storage
• 5.2.7 Hydrogen energy storage
• 5.2.8 Superconducting magnetic energy storage
• 5.3 Comparison of energy storage technologies
• 5.4 Conclusion
• References

Inspec keywords: wind power plants; stochastic processes; distributed power generation; energy storage; power grids; renewable energy sources; battery storage plants

Other keywords: energy storage technologies; microgrid; renewable energy sources; solar ones; MG future development; operation constraints; output power fluctuation ofRESs; renewable energy resources; battery energy storage; distributed energy resources; electricity loads; wind farm; localized group; DERs; MG application; renewable energy systems integration; energy management; energy storage device technologies; energy storage systems; variable output power; solar technologies; ESS technologies; ESSs; stochastic nature

Subjects: Distributed power generation; Other power stations and plants; Wind power plants; Power system management, operation and economics