Future developments in energy-efficient processes and potential solutions for the energy-related environmental tasks are coupled with hydrogen-based technologies. Introductory parts of this chapter are focused on the specifics of H2 generation from biomass. Within the framework of this topic, three platforms are compared: conversion of simple sugars, cellulose, and thermochemical conversion of biomass to hydrogen-containing gaseous mixtures. Three approaches for generation of biofuels starting materials for hydrogen production are considered: the first one includes sugars and organic acids; the second one includes lignocellulose, woodchips, etc.; finally, the third approach considers the possible routes of biomass gasification. In all cases, the hydrogen needs to be separated (to be recovered) from the hydrogen-containing multicomponent gaseous mixtures of biogenic origin. Membrane-based gas separation processes are considered for H2 recovery from gaseous sources, including (1) estimation of commercial and lab-scale polymeric membranes for recovery of H2 from gaseous mixtures, containing additionally CO2, CO, N2, CH4, H2S, with calculation of standard membrane process itself; (2) membrane contactors for hydrogen recovery from H2/CO2 mixtures; (3) combined membrane/pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) systems for hydrogen recovery from gaseous mixtures of biogenic origin. It is shown that H2 recovery can be successfully realized as a combination of standard membrane method (H2 preconcentrating) and PSA (H2 conditioning). Potential of whole process (biomass treatment and H2 recovery as a fuel) requires the active generation of knowledge for development of the desired bioprocesses and highly selective membranes.
Chapter Contents:
- Abstract
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Hydrogen from biomass
- 7.2.1 First generation of starting materials for biohydrogen production
- 7.2.2 Second generation of starting materials for biohydrogen production (lignocellulose, biomass, algae, etc.)
- 7.2.2.1 Mechanical pretreatment
- 7.2.2.2 Physical-chemical pretreatment
- 7.2.2.3 Hot steam and steam explosion pretreatment
- 7.2.2.4 Hot-water pretreatment
- 7.2.2.5 Chemical pretreatment
- 7.2.2.6 Biological pretreatment
- 7.2.2.7 Combination of pretreatment methods
- 7.2.2.8 Detoxification of pretreated biomass
- 7.2.3 Third generation of starting materials for biohydrogen production
- 7.3 Membrane recovery of hydrogen: basic regularities for polymeric membranes; classification of membranes
- 7.2.3.1 Anaerobic dark fermentation for hydrogen production
- 7.2.3.2 Anaerobic photofermentation for hydrogen production
- 7.2.3.3 Thermochemical treatment of biomass
- 7.3.1 Application and potential of standard membrane technology for hydrogen recovery from gaseous mixtures
- 7.3.1.1 Gas separation by nonporous polymeric membranes
- 7.3.1.2 Commercially available polymers and membrane modules
- 7.3.1.3 Calculation of H2 concentrating from multicomponent mixtures by membrane method
- 7.3.2 Membrane contactors for hydrogen recovery from gaseous mixtures of bio-origin
- 7.3.3 Combined membrane systems for hydrogen recovery from gaseous mixtures of technogenic and bio-origin
- 7.4 Prospects of commercial membranes application for biohydrogen recovery
- 7.5 Conclusion and summary
- Acknowledgments
- List of abbreviations
- References
Inspec keywords:
mixtures;
hydrogen production;
renewable materials;
biofuel;
membranes
Other keywords:
lignocellulose;
thermochemical conversion;
gaseous mixtures;
standard membrane method;
biofuels starting materials;
energy-efficient processes;
hydrogen-based technologies;
hydrogen-containing gaseous mixtures;
bioprocesses;
biogenic origin;
biomass treatment;
membrane-pressure swing adsorption;
hydrogen-containing multicomponent gaseous mixtures;
hydrogen production
Subjects:
Biofuel and biomass resources;
Engineering materials;
Hydrogen fuel;
Biotechnology industry;
Fuel processing industry;
Hydrogen storage and technology;
Photosynthesis and bioenergy conversion