In this chapter, we will describe and discuss several engineering models that can be utilized either to evaluate electromagnetic fields from lightning flashes or to study the direct effects of lightning attachment to various structures including tall towers. We will start by describing the basic concepts of engineering return stroke models. This discussion will be followed by a description of various return stroke models and the equations necessary for the evaluation of electromagnetic fields using these return stroke models.

Chapter Contents:

• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Current propagation models (CP models)
• 7.2.1 Basic concept
• 7.2.2 Most general description
• 7.3 Current generation models (CG models)
• 7.3.1 Basic concept
• 7.3.2 Mathematical background
• 7.3.2.1 Evaluate Ib(t), given ρ(z), τ(z) and v(z)
• 7.3.2.2 Evaluate τ(z), given Ib(t), ρ(z) and v(z)
• 7.3.2.3 Evaluate ρ(z), given Ib(t), τ(z) and v(z)
• 7.3.2.4 Evaluate v(z), given Ib(t), ρ(z) and τ(z)
• 7.3.3 CG models in practice
• 7.3.3.1 Model of Wagner
• 7.3.3.2 Model of Heidler
• 7.3.3.3 Model of Hubert
• 7.3.3.4 Model of Cooray
• 7.3.3.5 Model of Diendorfer and Uman
• 7.3.3.6 First modification of the Diendorfer and Uman model by Thottappillil et al.
• 7.3.3.7 Second modification of the Diendorfer and Uman model by Thottappillil and Uman
• 7.3.3.8 Model of Cooray
• 7.3.3.9 Model of Cooray and Rakov
• 7.3.3.10 Model of Cooray, Rakov and Montano
• 7.4 Current dissipation models (CD models)
• 7.4.1 General description
• 7.4.2 Mathematical background
• 7.4.3 Cooray and Rakov model - a combination of current dissipation and current propagation models
• 7.5 Generalization of any model to current generation type
• 7.6 Generalization of any model to a current dissipation type model
• 7.7 Current dissipation models and the modified transmission line models
• 7.8 Effect of ground conductivity
• 7.9 Concluding remarks
• References

Inspec keywords: lightning

Other keywords: lightning attachment effects; lightning flashes; engineering applications; electromagnetic fields; engineering return stroke models; engineering models

Subjects: Atmospheric electricity