In this Chapter no special assumption are made with regard to the content of faulted current and voltage waveforms. The fundamental approach, which is common to all algorithms covered in this Chapter, is based on the fact that all protected equipment can be normally represented by differential equations of either first or second order. The methods are described by reference to transmission-line protection, since it is in this application that they are mainly used. However, the methods can easily be extended to other items of plant. For the purposes of this Chapter we shall assume the line length is such that shunt capacitance can either be neglected or can be lumped into a single 'equivalent' value.

Inspec keywords: power transmission lines; differential equations; fault currents; power transmission protection; waveform analysis

Other keywords: differential equation; transmission line protection; voltage waveforms; fault current

Subjects: Power system protection